Preventive Oral Health: Effective Communication and Motivation to educate your patient

Communication required how many participants

at least 2 and something more

what is verbal communication

based on language or works

what are the types of verbal communication

vocal: using words; and non-vocal: using symbols and signs

what is nonverbal communication

based on body language or affect

what are nonverbal, vocal factors

vocal qualifiers (Pitch, volume, tempo, cadence) and vocal characterizers (crying and laughing)

what are nonverbal, non-vocal factors

body position, facial expressions, appearance

what are media communications

use of tools or technology to convey a message; can be directed to an individual or a group

what are health communications

the practice of persuading a positive behavior change in an individual that leads to optimum care

what are the health communication objectives related to patient care

shared decision making between patients and caregivers (autonomy), increasing health literacy skills in the patient population, personalized accurate accessible tools

skills and qualities of effective health communicators

-knowledge in health and prevention

-understanding behavior change theories

-relationship building skills

-attention to the patients wants and beliefs

-interview and role-modeling skills

-assessing for readiness to change behavior

• showing self-confidence and flexibility

what kind of language do you use with a patient

plain language without dumb-down or talk-down

what are the effective health communication/information

-evidence based and reliable

-reinforced and repeated over time

-provided when the patient is most ready to receive it

-culturally and linguistically appropriate

-consistent with information found in other sources

what is health literacy

the ability of the patient to obtain, process, understand, and respond to health messages and to be motivated to make health decisions that promote good heath

what part of the population is vulnerable to low health literacy

-older adults

-immigrant

-minority

-low levels of education

-speak little to no english

-living below poverty level

how do you overcome the low health literacy barrier

-provide individualized approach to each patient based on their health literacy

-provide written patient education material in plain language

-encourage patients to write down questions and bring them

provide patient forms in plain language and help them fill it out

-use visual aids

what is a social determinant of health

social and economic factors in which people are born, grown up, live, work, play, and age within

what are social determinants of health responsible for

the unfair and avoidable differences in health statuses seen within different populations

why is it important to identify an individual's culture

ignoring a person's culture can have negative consequences

culture and language can influence:

-beliefs and behaviors related to health

-perceptions of illnesses and what caused them

-attitudes towards health service or provider

-attitude from health provider to patient

What is the first step in a preventive program

assess the patient's needs

what is the second step in a preventive program

plan for intervention

what is the third step in a preventive program

implement the plan

what is the forth step in a preventive program

perform clinical services

what is the fifth step in a preventive program

evaluate progressive changes

what is the sixth/ last step in a preventive program

plan short-term and long-term continuing care

what does it mean to assess the patients needs

review health history, radiographs, and clinical exams; identify presence and severity of disease

what does it mean to plan for intervention

apply information about the patient, evaluate current oral health, discuss the procedures and develop long and short term goals

what does it mean to implement the plan

begin preventive counseling, evaluate and discuss patient diet, tobacco cessation, evaluate what oral hygiene aids the patient uses

what is preventive counseling

awereness of health problems as well as to help the patient learn and practice more effective health bahaviors

what does it mean to perform clinical services

scaling to remove calculus and biofilm, apply caries-preventive agents

what does it mean to evaluate progressive changes

allow the patient to demonstrate procedures and make changes as necessary

what is the last step in preventive program

plan short-term and long-term continuing care

when do you conduct patient counseling

after your assessment

how do you conduct patient counseling

always sit the patient up and place yourself face-to-face

what is key to managing oral health condition

patient compliance

what is the transtheortical model

states that an individual progresses through 6 stages of change before definite behavior change. "sticks". patients may go back and forth between steps

what is pre-contemplation in the transtheoretical model

patient has no intention to take action to change in the future

what is contemplation in the transtheoretical model

patient intends to change in the next 6 months

what is preparation in the transtheoretical model

patient intends to take action in the immediate future

what is action in the transtheoretical model

patient did make modifications to his/her lifestyle within the past 6 months

what is maintenance in the transtheoretical model

patient works to prevent replapse

what is termination in the transtheoretical model

patient has no temptation and 100% self-efficacy

what is motivational interviewing

is person- centered, goal-directed methods to communicate with your patient that strengthens his/her intrinsic motivation for positive change

what are the steps in elements of the motivational interviewing spirit

PACE- partnership, acceptance, compassion, and evocation

what does partnership mean in MI spirit

establish a positive interpersonal environment that is encouraging and not intimidating

what does acceptance mean in the MI spirit

honor the patients worth and support his/her autonomy

what does compassion mean in the MI spirit

prioritizing the needs of the patient and not your own agenda; helps establish trust

what does evocation mean in the MI spirit

it is your responsibility to draw the motivation for change out of the patient

what are the steps in the guiding principles of motivational interviewing

RULE-

R-resist righting reflex

U- understand the patients motivation

L- listen to the patient

E- empower the patient

what does resist right reflex mean in guiding principles of motivational interviewing

do not immediately correct the patient

what does understand the patient's motivation mean in guiding principles of motivational interviewing

focus on the patients reasons for change

what does listen to the patient mean in guiding principles of motivational interviewing

engage in active listening without trying to persuade, instruct, or analyze

what does empower the patient mean in guiding principles of motivational interviewing

support the patients right to autonomy

what is processes of implementation mean

will overlap and repeat throughout the conversation

what are the processes of motivational interviewing

-engage: establish a connection

-focus: develops and maintains direction of conversation

-evoking: eliciting the patient's own motivations for change

• planning: develop commitment to change and a plan

What are the core skills in motivational interviewing

OARS: open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening and summary

what is agenda setting

the patient is given as much decision making freedom as possible to determine what topic will be discussed

what is "ask permission" in information exchange

relaying information when the patient asks or directly asking the patient if ou can provide the information

what is "elicit-provide-elicit" in information exchange

elicit information from the patient concerning his/her health states, provide additional information, end with a question to elicit more information

what is reflective listening

responding to what the patient is saying by summarizing; lets the patient know you are listening and interested

what do you use when dealing with an ambivalent patient

use OARS core skills to communicate

what is sustain VS change

patients who are happy with current status will try to maintain (sustain talk) tha than discuss change (change talk)

what charts can you use to help a patient determine if the benefits outweigh the risk of the current behavior

pro-con matrix and readiness ruler (scale of 1-10)

in the Preparatory change talk what does the D stand for in "DARN"

desire: "i want" "i would like"

in the Preparatory change talk what does the A stand for in "DARN"

ability: "i can" i could"

in the Preparatory change talk what does the R stand for in "DARN"

reasons: patients reasons for making change

in the Preparatory change talk what does the N stand for in "DARN"

need: "need" "must"

in the mobilizing change talk what does the C stand for in "CAT"

commitment: low-"ill think about it", high- "i garantee"

in the mobilizing change talk what does the A stand for in "CAT"

action toward- "i bought dental floss" (but isnt using it)

in the mobilizing change talk what does the T stand for in "CAT"

taking steps: "i am flossing twice a week" (made the change)

when treating a child, who should you include

the caregiver/parent