clep practice test

Which of the following is a pull factor for immigration?

Job opportunities

Which type of social movement is most radical?

revolutionary

Redlining

Denying services based on neighborhood racial makeup

The demographic transition model tracks

Changes in birth and death rates

A push factor in migration is

Political instability

What is a megacity?

An urban area with over 10 million people

Which sociologist is known for studying urban life?

Georg Simmel

High population growth typically occurs in:

Less industrialized nations

A social movement is:

An organized effort to bring about change

Which communities are most often affected by environmental hazards?

Low-income and minority groups

What does the hidden curriculum in education refer to?

Unspoken values and expectations

Charismatic authority relies on:

Charismatic authority relies on:

Which theory sees family as maintaining stability in society?

Functionalist

What does the term boomerang generation refer to?

Young adults returning to live with parents

What is endogamy?

Marrying within one's social group

Credentialism refers to:

Emphasis on degrees and formal qualifications

Which perspective sees religion as reinforcing social cohesion?

Functionalist

Which sociologist studied impression management in family life?

Erving Goffman

What is traditional authority based on?

Long-standing customs

A social institution is best defined as:

An organized system that meets societal needs

Capitalism is characterized by:

Private ownership and profit

What characterizes mixed economic systems?

A combination of market and government control

Which of the following is a function of social institutions?

Structuring behavior and roles

Functionalists view education as:

A system that socializes young people

✔️ Living together without being married

28. What is secularization?

✔️ Decline in religious influence

29. Which theory focuses on family as a site of power struggles?

✔️ Conflict

30. Religion as a social institution does which of the following:

✔️ Organizes beliefs and practices around the sacred

31. What is dramaturgy in sociology?

✔️ Viewing social life as a theatrical performance

32. Material culture includes:

✔️ Physical objects created by society

33. According to labeling theory, deviance arises when:

✔️ A person is identified and treated as deviant

34. The life course approach considers:

✔️ How social roles change over a person’s life

35. A bureaucracy includes:

✔️ Hierarchy and written rules

36. Role conflict occurs when:

✔️ Expectations for one status clash with another

37. According to Cooley, the “looking-glass self” means:

✔️ We form our self-image by imagining how others see us

38. Which of the following best defines recidivism?

✔️ The tendency of a released prisoner to reoffend

39. Which of the following is an example of a folkway?

✔️ Saying “thank you” to a cashier

40. Deviance is defined as:

✔️ A violation of social norms

41. Resocialization involves:

✔️ Adopting new norms in a new environment

42. One dysfunction of bureaucracy is:

✔️ Alienation

43. What is a status?

✔️ A recognized position in society

44. Cultural lag refers to:

✔️ When nonmaterial culture falls behind technological advances

45. The strain theory of deviance was developed by:

✔️ Robert Merton

46. White-collar crime involves:

✔️ Nonviolent crime committed by professionals

47. What does social structure refer to?

✔️ The organized pattern of relationships in society

48. What is nonmaterial culture?

✔️ The intangible aspects of culture, like values and norms

49. George Herbert Mead’s “generalized other” refers to:

✔️ Internalized expectations of society

50. Formal social control includes:

✔️ Laws and regulations

51. Which of the following is a primary group?

✔️ A close-knit family

52. Groupthink is a phenomenon where:

✔️ Members suppress dissent to maintain harmony

53. Which of the following is an agent of socialization?

✔️ A peer group

54. A secondary group is typically:

✔️ Goal-oriented and impersonal

55. Erving Goffman is associated with:

✔️ Symbolic interactionism

56. Who is often credited with coining the term sociology?

✔️ Auguste Comte

57. Which of the following is an early focus of sociology?

✔️ Social stability

58. According to Karl Marx, history is primarily driven by:

✔️ Class conflict

59. Which example best illustrates symbolic interactionism?

✔️ Eye contact patterns between strangers

60. In sociology, a theory is best described as:

✔️ A conceptual framework for understanding society

61. Which of the following is most important for making a study repeatable?

✔️ Clear research methods

62. Conflict theory is most closely associated with:

✔️ Karl Marx

63. Conflict theorists emphasize:

✔️ Inequality and power imbalances

64. What principle requires researchers to protect participants from harm?

✔️ Do no harm

65. Which term best describes the purpose of theory in sociology?