Module 12: Quiz - Chapter 12 Digital Transformation: Cloud, E-commerce, and AI

Lauren programs her AI system to occasionally give a wrong answer to a question. What will this accomplish?

It will make the AI system sound more human.

Explanation: A sufficiently advanced AI system could sound just as natural as a human. Surprisingly, this requires the AI system to be able to answer questions incorrectly. If the machine always answered questions correctly, that would indicate it’s a machine and not a human who makes occasional mistakes.

Sabrina pulls items from a box and inspects them to ensure the number of items matches what is listed on the packing list. She then places all the items on a conveyor belt to be transported to workers who stock shelves in the warehouse. What is Sabrina’s job role?

Receiving clerk

Explanation: Receiving clerks unpack a warehouse’s incoming shipments from suppliers and ensure that the correct number of items has been received and that the items are not damaged. These items might then be sent along conveyor belts to workers who will store them on shelves.

Mason is chatting with his friend on the phone about a computer problem at work. Suddenly, his Alexa device states that she couldn’t understand what Mason was asking for. What happened that caused Alexa to think Mason was talking to her?

Mason said one of Alexa’s wake words.

Explanation: Smartphone apps and the personal assistants on smart speakers (such as Alexa on an Echo device) listen for a wake word that alerts the app to record and interpret whatever you say next. The Alexa app can respond to the wake words “Alexa,” “Computer,” “Echo,” or “Amazon.”

Kevin runs a small auto body shop and has recently started accepting credit card payments. He’s concerned about how to comply with PCI DSS security requirements. What kind of cloud solution would most easily help Kevin meet these requirements?

SaaS - Businesses that use a SaaS e-commerce platform typically benefit from built-in PCI compliance configurations and capabilities.

During a meeting at work, your boss starts talking about something called Desktop as a Service (DaaS). What can you likely assume about this technology based on its name?

You’ll access this service over the Internet.

Explanation: A function or resource provided through a cloud service over the Internet is sometimes referred to as “as a service.” For example, a cloud-hosted firewall application might be called a Firewall as a Service (FWaaS). Similarly, a Desktop as a Service (DaaS) is a desktop accessed over the Internet.

T/F: Business activities completed on a local, private network are examples of e-business even if cloud-hosted resources are not involved.

True - While e-business can use cloud-hosted resources, it doesn’t have to. So long as the activity relies on a computer network of some kind (especially the Internet), the activity is classified as e-business.

Which learning model allows an AI system to create its own categories of data without labeling those categories?

Unsupervised learning - With unsupervised learning, the machine looks for patterns and relationships in the training data and then categorizes data according to those patterns. The machine cannot give the categories labels, but it can detect patterns that humans wouldn’t necessarily think to look for.

How can you get attention of a personal assistant app on your phone?

Say the woke word - Smartphone virtual assistant apps and the personal assistants on smart speakers listen for a wake word that alerts the app to record and interpret whatever you say next.

Dr. Davis wants to store backups of her patients’ medical records in the cloud to ensure that information is available if anything devastating were to happen to her office building. What laws will Dr. Davis need to check as she makes security decisions for her cloud storage configuration?

HIPPA - Medical data is protected by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

As Ian walks down the hall from his hotel room, he uses his Uber app to request a ride. The ride is waiting for him by the time he arrives in the lobby. What technology minimized Ian’s wait time? 

Artificial Intelligence - (AI) uses logic and prior experience to make intelligent decisions. Ride services like Lyft and Uber rely on AI to minimize wait time by optimally matching riders to drivers and to provide accurate arrival times. 

Which of these e-commerce job roles requires special training and a license to qualify for the position?

Forklift operator and Truck Driver

Cindy wants to sell her bicycle so she can upgrade to a newer one. What kind of transaction will most likely take place when Cindy sells her older bike?

C2C - a C2C transaction occurs when one consumer sells directly to another.

Which of the following is NOT an example of modern-day artificial intelligence (AI) application?

Asking droid for critical information during a hyper-space mission - Today’s AI-powered applications are not yet advanced enough to support droid devices that can walk and interact with complete independence like they do in the Star Wars movies. Also, hyper-space missions aren’t yet available. However, AI technologies can already perform tasks and processes such as powering voice-based interactions between a human and a computer, operating machinery without direct human oversight or intervention, and providing insights from data analysis.

Jerry has a problem with a package he just received—two items from his order are missing. Who should he contact to resolve the problem? 

Customer service representative - Phone- and chat-based customer service representatives provide personalized interactions with customers, such as when there’s a problem with a shipment. 

Nancy runs her students’ research papers through a plagiarism checker tool before grading them. What technology enables the plagiarism checker to keep improving its detection of poorly paraphrased text? 

Machine Learning (ML) - allows a technology such as a plagiarism tool to learn from new data, identify patterns, and make decisions to progressively improve its performance.

Janelle is training an AI-powered model car to stay on an oval track drawn on the floor. The car drives in different directions and is scored by the training algorithm based on how closely the car stays on the track. What kind of learning model is Janelle’s car using?

Reinforcement learning - Reinforcement learning is best used when the “right” answer is not available but some answers are better than others. Like a player earning points in a video game, the machine attempts to optimize its performance given a certain set of standards. There are many routes that can effectively get a car from one point to another; however, very few of those routes will keep the car within an oval-shaped track. Reinforcement learning allows the AI computer to experiment with different possibilities and find the most efficient route that gets the best score for a particular track

What technology allows Siri to understand you when you request a route to a location in a nearby city? 

Natural language processing (NLP) - AI assistants such as Siri use natural language processing (NLP) to help interpret commands you speak in ordinary language and give easy-to-understand verbal responses to provide the information you requested or to ask for additional input. 

Alannah just purchased a smart lock for her front door. How can she connect her lock to the Internet so she can control the lock when she’s away from home? 

Bluetooth connection - For smart devices to work properly, they typically must be connected to the Internet through a Wi-Fi or Bluetooth connection. 

Hana just received a shipment of cleaning supplies for her coffee shop. What kind of transaction was this? 

B2B - A B2B transaction consists of businesses providing goods and services to other businesses.

T/F: All cloud technologies must be accessed over the internet

False - Many organizations run cloud technologies on their own hardware in a private cloud that does not use the Internet. However, the most widespread use of cloud computing is in the public cloud context where multiple customers use the same, Internet-connected cloud.

Which cloud technology characteristic ensures that a cloud customer can make changes to her cloud database from her smartphone while traveling for a conference and from her laptop when she’s at home?

Broad network access - Cloud services are available from anywhere on the Internet and can be configured using almost any kind of device, such as a laptop, tablet, or smartphone. This essential characteristic of cloud computing is called broad network access. 

Claire saves her school research paper on OneDrive cloud storage so she can access the most updated version both at school and at home. She’s put a lot of time into this research paper. How can she make sure she won’t lose access to it if something happens to her cloud storage space? 

Save a copy of the file on her local hard drive - Claire needs to save a backup copy of her file somewhere in addition to OneDrive. She can save a copy to her local hard drive or to a different cloud storage location.

Kason spends several hours a week generating reports on sick hours used across his company. The task eats up his available work hours and prevents him from doing other jobs he needs to do. What technology could take over this task and free up his time for more productive work?

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) - Robotic process automation (RPA) refers to automatic processes that input or transfer data, such as generating reports from incoming data on sick hours used. Automating repetitive tasks such as report generation can free up human workers for more challenging and valuable work.

Jake is a sales rep for a trucking company and travels throughout the Midwest. He uses a cloud-based _________ service so he can access updated information about his customers’ sales transactions from his laptop as he travels.

CRM - Customer relationship management (CRM) services help companies customize their interactions with customers. A cloud-based CRM service can be accessed through the Internet as salespeople travel to meet with customers.

Frazer’s mother recently experienced a stroke, and he needs to work from home for a while to help care for her. In what way will cloud computing most help Frazer in this situation?

He can remotely collaborate with teammates on projects, deadlines, and events - Cloud-hosted resources allow teammates to collaborate remotely on projects, deadlines, and events, whether those teammates are at the office, traveling, or working from home.

Charlie’s company makes custom-designed furniture. He purchases hardware for the furniture in bulk from a distributor in a nearby state. What kind of e-commerce platform does Charlie most likely use to order the hardware? 

Online storefront - A distributor that sells to another business in B2B transactions most likely offers an online storefront for e-commerce transactions rather than using an online marketplace or social media.  

Which of these e-commerce job roles could most likely be performed remotely from home or even from another country?

Web Developer - Web developers can use cloud-hosted resources to design and build both customer-facing and internal solutions that support e-commerce business processes.

Who enforces PCI compliance for merchants who accept credit card payments from customers?

Credit card companies - The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a set of standards enforced by the credit card companies themselves.

Rhea receives a text informing her that her credit card might have been compromised. The text asks her to confirm whether she made a purchase 15 minutes ago at a store that is over 2,000 miles away from her current location and that carries products she has never bought before. What technology was used to compare the purchase to Rhea’s normal shopping habits and identify it as credit card fraud? 

Data analytics - Data analytics is the process of managing data to identify patterns and detect exceptions to the patterns that might indicate problems, such as credit card fraud. 

T/F: To work with AI technologies, you must understand how AI commands are programmed into the computer and phrase your commands exactly the way the AI system expects.

False - While it’s helpful to have a basic understanding of AI and its underlying technologies, many AI processes happen in the background and don’t require special knowledge on the part of the user.