Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Abnormal Psychology Exam Reviewer

What is Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

A mental disorder with preoccupation of perceived appearance flaws that are not observable or appear minor to others.

What is the lifetime prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) in US adults?

Approximately 2.4%

What is the typical onset age for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Adolescence (12–13 years).

What are some biological factors in the etiology of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Genetic contribution and abnormalities in visual processing.

What are some psychological factors in the etiology of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

High self-criticism, perfectionism, and over-importance of appearance.

What are some behavioral factors in the etiology of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Repetitive behaviors negatively reinforced (reduce anxiety short-term).

What is the psychodynamic perspective on Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) symptoms?

Displaced conflicts around self-worth and identity, with appearance as the symbolic focus.

What are the main diagnostic criteria for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Preoccupation with perceived defects
Repetitive behaviors
Distress/impairment
Not explained by eating disorder concerns.

What is the "with muscle dysmorphia" specifier in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Preoccupation that one's body build is too small or insufficiently muscular.

What are the insight specifiers for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Good/fair insight, poor insight, and absent insight/delusional beliefs.

What does "with good or fair insight" mean in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Individual recognizes that BDD beliefs about appearance flaws are probably not true.

What does "with poor insight" mean in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Individual thinks BDD beliefs about appearance flaws are probably true.

What does "with absent insight/delusional beliefs" mean in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Individual is completely convinced that BDD beliefs are true.

What are some common comorbidities with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Social Anxiety Disorder, OCD, and substance use disorders.

What are some treatments for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and SSRIs.