Geo lecture #16
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23 Terms
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Hydrologic Cycle
The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.
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Residence Time
The average length of time that water spends in a reservoir, calculated as reservoir size divided by yearly flux.
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Average residence time of oceans
4,000 years.
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Average residence time of glaciers
20 to 1,000 years.
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Average residence time of seasonal snow cover
2 to 6 months.
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Average residence time of soil moisture
1 to 12 months.
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Average residence time of groundwater
100 to 10,000 years.
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Average residence time of lakes
50 to 100 years.
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Average residence time of rivers
2 to 6 months.
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Average residence time of atmosphere
10 days.
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Low pressure
Occurs at the surface where air rises, causing moisture to condense and rainfall to occur.
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High pressure
Occurs where air sinks, resulting in dry conditions and the formation of deserts.
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Monsoon
A seasonal wind pattern that brings significant precipitation.
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El Nino/La Nina
Interannual changes in ocean and atmospheric circulation across the tropical Pacific that impact rainfall patterns.
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Drought
A prolonged deficiency of precipitation, typically lasting at least one season.
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Groundwater
Water present in the subsurface, including soil moisture and water below the water table.
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Water Table
The upper surface in the Earth's subsurface where all pore spaces in sediments and rocks are filled with water.
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Aquifers
Rock and sediment units below the surface that can hold and transport water.
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Overdraft
Occurs when the supply of water to a water-table aquifer is less than its discharge, causing the water table to lower.
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Glaciers
Large accumulations of ice that exist year-round on the land surface.
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Climate change impact on glaciers
Higher temperatures lead to greater summer melt, shrinking ice areas, and shifting peak discharge to late spring/early summer.
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Sea level rise causes
Thermal expansion of seawater and melting of glaciers.
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Seawater invasion of aquifers
Rising sea levels causing seawater to intrude into coastal freshwater aquifers.
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