Chest pathology

Aspiration

Foreign objects are swallowed or inhaled into air passages of bronchial tree

Atelectasis

Collapse of all or portion of lung

Bronchiectasis

Irreversible dilation or widening of bronchi or bronchioles

Bronchitis

Acute or chronic

Excessive mucus secreted into bronchi causing coughing and shortness of breath

COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Persistent obstruction of airways causes difficulty emptying lungs of air

Cystic fibrosis

Most common inherited disease

Secretions of heavy mucus cause progressive clogging of bronchi and bronchioles

Dyspnea

Common in older persons

Shortness of breath that creates sensation of difficulty in breathing

Emphysema

Irreversible and chronic lung disease which air spaces in alveoli become enlarged causing air not to expell resulting in labored breathing

Epiglottis

Common in children 2 to 5

Narrowing in upper airway

Lung neoplasm

New growth or tumor

Benign lung neoplasm

Noncancerous

Malignant lung neoplasm

Cancerous

Occupational lung disease

Pneumoconiosis

From occupational exposures

Types of occupational lung disease

Anthracosis

Asbestosis

Silicosis

Anthracosis

Black lung pneumoconiosis

Caused by deposits of coal dust ≥ 10 years

Asbestosis

Caused by inhalation of asbestos dust which results in pulmonary fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis

Formation of scar tissue in lungs causes shortness of breath

Silicosis

Permanent condition of lungs caused by inhalation of silica dust (sand dust)

Pleural effusion

Accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity

Types of pleural effusion

Empyema

Hemothorax

Empyema

Fluid is pus

Hemothorax

Fluid is blood

Pleurisy

Inflammation of pleura caused by visceral and parietal pleura “rubbing” during respiration

Pneumonia

Inflammation of lungs causes accumulation of fluid

Types of pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia

Bronchopneumonia

Lobar pneumonia

Viral (interstitial) pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia

Caused by inhalation of foreign object or food which irritates bronchi resulting in edema

Bronchopneumonia

Bronchitis of both lungs caused by bacteria

Lobar pneumonia

Generally confined to one or two lobes of the lungs

Viral (interstitial) pneumonia

Inflammation of alveoli and connecting lung structures

Pneumothorax

Accumulation of air in pleural spaces causing atelectasis

Pulmonary edema

Excess fluid within lung caused by backup in pulmonary circulation

RDS

Respiratory distress syndrome

Alveoli and capillaries of lung are injured or infected causes leakage of fluid and blood

HMD

Hyaline membrane disease

Common name for RDS in infants

ARDS

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

Tuberculosis

Contagious disease caused by airborne bacteria

Types of tuberculosis

Primary tuberculosis

Reactivation (secondary) tuberculosis

Primary tuberculosis

Occurs in persons who have never had disease before

Reactivation (secondary) tuberculosis

Usually develops in adults