AP 4TH GRADING

What was the Galleon Trade?

A trade route where large Spanish ships called galleons carried goods from Manila to Acapulco, Mexico.

When did galleons travel on the Manila-Acapulco Trade route?

Galleons traveled only once a year.

What was Manila's role in trade before the Spaniards arrived?

Manila became the center of trade in Asia due to its strategic location.

What types of products entered the Philippines before Spanish colonization?

Products from China, Japan, Borneo, India, and other Asian countries.

Who controlled the Galleon Trade?

The Spanish government controlled the trade.

What was required to participate in the Galleon Trade?

Only people with a boleta (ticket) could participate.

What were the celebrations associated with the departure and arrival of galleons?

Celebrations included decorations, music, and a thanksgiving mass.

What were some risks faced during the Galleon Trade journey?

Risks included illness, shipwrecks, and pirate attacks.

What were the profit margins for investors in the Galleon Trade?

Investors made huge profits ranging from 100% to 300%.

What is Obras Pias?

A charitable institution in the Philippines created by the Spaniards on February 3, 1827, which provided loans to Spaniards for trade.

What positive effect did trade have on the Philippine government?

Trade increased the government's income, supporting Catholicism and the Spanish government.

How did the Galleon Trade affect the Philippines' international reputation?

The Philippines became famous in international trade, attracting foreign investors.

What new ideas and technologies arrived in the Philippines due to trade?

Shipbuilding skills and techniques for making quality products.

What negative effect did the Galleon Trade have on farming in the Philippines?

Farming was neglected, leading to food shortages.

Who primarily benefited from the Galleon Trade?

Only wealthy Spaniards and a few privileged individuals benefited.

What issues led to the end of the Galleon Trade monopoly in 1815?

Corruption and abuse toward Filipinos, who were forced to produce goods sold at low prices.

What religious images were brought to the Philippines from Mexico during the Galleon Trade?

Our Lady of Guadalupe, Our Lady of Antipolo, and the Black Nazarene.

What are some Filipino traditions influenced by the Galleon Trade?

Blessing of animals and plants, placing nativity scenes at home during Christmas, and performing traditional dances.

What musical instruments were introduced to the Philippines through the Galleon Trade?

Guitars, flutes, drums, trumpets, and violins.

What was the significance of the Galleon Trade for the Philippines?

It connected the Philippines to global trade networks and influenced local customs, economy, and culture.

What was the purpose of the economic policies implemented by Spain in the Philippines?

To support the Spanish government, often causing hardship and oppression among the natives.

What is the Tobacco Monopoly?

A major economic policy that controlled the production and sale of tobacco in the Philippines.

What does 'Polo y Servicios' refer to?

A forced labor system imposed by the Spanish colonial government.

What was the Encomienda System?

A system where lands were divided into small units called encomiendas, controlled by Spanish officials.

What were the duties of the encomendero?

To collect taxes, maintain peace and order, and take care of the welfare of the people.

When were taxes enforced under the Encomienda System?

Starting in 1571.

What was the purpose of the taxes collected under the Encomienda System?

To run the government, protect citizens, and build schools, hospitals, roads, and bridges.

What was the 'Tributo'?

A tax requiring each citizen to pay 8 reales, which could be paid in cash or goods.

What change occurred to the 'Tributo' in 1851?

The amount increased to 12 reales.

What is the 'Cedula Personal'?

A tax document that replaced the tributo in 1884, required for Filipinos aged 18 and above.

What was a key feature of the Cedula Personal compared to the tributo?

It was more humane because payment depended on income rather than age.

Who was exempted from paying the Cedula Personal?

Members of the principalia and natives serving in government or church positions.

What was the principalia?

Wealthy, educated, and influential Filipinos who helped the Spanish government manage local communities.

How did the Spanish taxation system affect the natives?

It became a tool of oppression, with some tax collectors abusing their power.

What was the result of heavy taxation and abuse by tax collectors?

It led to dissatisfaction and caused many revolts among the Filipino people.

What does 'Bandala System' refer to?

A system that enforced the forced sale of goods to the Spanish government.

What was the Real Compañía de Filipinas?

A trading company established to manage trade between Spain and the Philippines.

What was one of the main reactions of Filipinos to the Spanish colonial policies?

Feelings of oppression and resentment due to heavy taxation and forced labor.

What was the significance of the year 1884 in relation to taxation in the Philippines?

The Cedula Personal was introduced, replacing the tributo system.

What was the impact of the Spanish colonial policies on Filipino society?

They disrupted traditional systems and imposed foreign governance, leading to social unrest.

What was a common method of tax payment under the tributo system?

Payment could be made in cash or in goods such as gold, rice, cotton, and cloth.

What was the role of tax collectors during the Spanish colonial period?

They were responsible for enforcing tax payments, sometimes abusing their power.

How did the Spanish colonial policies change the economic landscape of the Philippines?

They prioritized Spanish interests, often at the expense of local economic stability.

What was a common sentiment among Filipinos regarding the Spanish taxation system?

Many viewed it as oppressive and unfair, leading to widespread dissatisfaction.

What was the purpose of the economic policies implemented by Spain in the Philippines?

To support the Spanish government, often causing hardship and oppression among the natives.

What is the Tobacco Monopoly?

A major economic policy that controlled the production and sale of tobacco in the Philippines.

What does 'Polo y Servicios' refer to?

A forced labor system imposed by the Spanish colonial government.

What was the Encomienda System?

A system where lands were divided into small units called encomiendas, controlled by Spanish officials.

What were the duties of the encomendero?

To collect taxes, maintain peace and order, and take care of the welfare of the people.

When were taxes enforced under the Encomienda System?

Starting in 1571.

What was the purpose of the taxes collected under the Encomienda System?

To run the government, protect citizens, and build schools, hospitals, roads, and bridges.

What was the 'Tributo'?

A tax requiring each citizen to pay 8 reales, which could be paid in cash or goods.

What change occurred to the 'Tributo' in 1851?

The amount increased to 12 reales.

What is the 'Cedula Personal'?

A tax document that replaced the tributo in 1884, required for Filipinos aged 18 and above.

What was a key feature of the Cedula Personal compared to the tributo?

It was more humane because payment depended on income rather than age.

Who was exempted from paying the Cedula Personal?

Members of the principalia and natives serving in government or church positions.

What was the principalia?

Wealthy, educated, and influential Filipinos who helped the Spanish government manage local communities.

How did the Spanish taxation system affect the natives?

It became a tool of oppression, with some tax collectors abusing their power.

What was the result of heavy taxation and abuse by tax collectors?

It led to dissatisfaction and caused many revolts among the Filipino people.

What does 'Bandala System' refer to?

A system that enforced the forced sale of goods to the Spanish government.

What was the Real Compañía de Filipinas?

A trading company established to manage trade between Spain and the Philippines.

What was one of the main reactions of Filipinos to the Spanish colonial policies?

Feelings of oppression and resentment due to heavy taxation and forced labor.

What was the significance of the year 1884 in relation to taxation in the Philippines?

The Cedula Personal was introduced, replacing the tributo system.

What was the impact of the Spanish colonial policies on Filipino society?

They disrupted traditional systems and imposed foreign governance, leading to social unrest.

What was a common method of tax payment under the tributo system?

Payment could be made in cash or in goods such as gold, rice, cotton, and cloth.

What was the role of tax collectors during the Spanish colonial period?

They were responsible for enforcing tax payments, sometimes abusing their power.

How did the Spanish colonial policies change the economic landscape of the Philippines?

They prioritized Spanish interests, often at the expense of local economic stability.

What was a common sentiment among Filipinos regarding the Spanish taxation system?

Many viewed it as oppressive and unfair, leading to widespread dissatisfaction.