8_Childhood_I

growth of childhood

slow and consistent

what happens to the body structure in childhood

more muscles mass, less baby fat

what is a neuron

basic cells of nervous system

what is a dendrite

receive messages from other cells

what are axons

part of neuron that carries messages to other neurons

what is a neurotransmitters

body’s chemical messengers

what is synaptogenesis

formation of synapses

what is a synapse

junction between two neurons

what is synaptic pruning

elimination of synapses as te result of nonuse or lack of stimulation

what is myelin

coats axons

a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses

what is myelation

the process of covering neurons in protective substance that speeds transminssion (myelin)

what are the functions of the cerebral cortex

higher-order processes, thinking language memory, desision making & intelligence

what happens in the subcortical levels

fundamental activities, breathing & heart rate

what happens when myelination happens in the visual & auditory cortex

it causes a vocabulary spurt

what is neuroplasticity

brains ability to change and adapt due to experiences

when is plasticity the greatest

during the first several years of life

what happens when there is severe-sensort neglect

the brain is smaller, delays development & memory problems

what does the left hemisphere do

controls right side of body

analytic reasoning and language

thinking side

what does the right hemisphere do

controls left side of body

emotions, visiospatial processing

emotional side

what is brain lateralizationg & plasticity

if somthing happens to one side of the brain the other can make up for it

gross motor skills of 3 yrs

children proficent ata variety of skills

gross motor skills of 4&5 yrs

skills have become more refined as they have gained increasing control over their muscles

gross motor skills of middle & late childhood

skills become smooth & coordinated

what are funamental movement skills

building block of movement

what are fundamental sport skills

FMS that are applied to sport

when can kid have most FMS mastered

age 6

when can all FMS be mastered

10-11 yrs

fine motor skills of 3 yrs

performs fine movements but clumsy

fine motor skills of 4-5 yrs

more persice moevemnts

fine motor skills of middle and late childhood

continumed improvemnt

what is developmental coordination disored (DCD)

motor skill disorder

more in boys than girls

difficulty with motor skills