Cardiovascular system II: Major vessels

Pulmonary circuit (pulmonary/systemic circuits)

pulmonary trunk (from right ventricle)

• pulmonary arteries-lungs

• blood deoxygenated

• gas exchange occurs within lungs

• pulmonary veins to left atrium of heart

• blood oxygenated

Arterial receptors

• sensory structures in walls of major aa.

  • monitor bp & blood chemistry

  • transmit information to the brainstem

  • -regulates hr, bv diameters & respiration

• baroreceptors in carotid & aortic sinuses

  • monitor bp from internal carotid aa. & aorta

  • transmit via glossopharyngeal & vagus nn.

  • baroreflex- keeps bp steady by rapidly adjusting cardiac output to match arterial bp

chemoreceptors (Arterical receptors)

Carotid bodies

• monitor blood chemistry

• transmit signals via glossopharyngeal nerve

• adjust respiratory rate to stabilize pH, CO2 & O2

Aortic bodies (Arterical receptors)

• similar to carotid bodies

  • interacted by vagus nerve

Major aa. include (Arteries)

• aorta & its branches

  • arch, thoracic aorta & abdominal aorta

• head/neck aa.

  • circle of willis

• appendicular aa.

Aortic arch (Aorta & branches)

• Brachiocephalic truck

  • right common carotid a. (right of head)

  • right subclavian a. (right shoulder/UL)

  • left common. carotid a. (left of head)

  • left subclavian a. (left shoulder/UL)

Are there different types of aortas?

yes 8

Ascending aorta (Aorta & branches)

right/left coronary aa.

descending aorta (Aorta & branches)

thoracic aorta & abdominal aorta

• arteries associated with esophagus, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, intestines, testes/ovaries & various muscles

Head & Neck

Common carotids

• internal carotid a.

• external carotid a.

Vertebral aa.

• from subclavian aa.

• come together to form basilar a.

• circle of willis

Circle of Willis (Head & Neck)

• Internal Carotid aa.

• Vertebral aa.

  • cerebellar aa.

  • pontine aa.

  • cerebral aa.

  • communicating aa.

parts

parts

Thorax & upper limb

• subclavian aa.

• axillary aa.

• brachial aa.

  • radial aa.

    • deep/superfical palmar arches

  • ulnar aa.

    • interosseous aa.

    • deep/superficial palmar arches

abdominopelvic

• Celiac trunk

  • common hepatic a.

  • splenic a.

  • left gastric a.

• superior mesenteric a

• renal aa.

• gonadal aa.

  • ovarian/testicular aa.

• inferior mesenteric a.

• common iliac aa.

• internal iliac a.

lower limb

• common iliac aa.

  • internal iliac aa.

  • external iliac aa.

  • femoral aa.

  • deep femoral

  • popliteal aa.

    • posterior tibial aa

      • fibular aa.

  • anterior tibial aa.

    • dorsal pedal aa.

venous sinuses

• some veins expand to form venous sinuses

  • thin walls, large lumens & no smooth muscle

  • not capable of vasomotor responses

  • e.g dural venous sinus & coronary sinus

superior vena cava (major veins)

jugular, vertebral & axillary vv. drain into the subclavian vv. which then drain into the brachiocephalic vv. - svc

inferior vena cava (major veins)

iliac, hepatic, renal & gonadal vv. drain here

Dural sinuses (Head & Neck)

• internal jugular vv.

• external jugular vv.

Dural sinuses

• drain blood from brain into internal jugular vv,

  • also drain css via arachnoid granulations

• 5 unpaired sinuses: superior sagittal inferior saggital, straight, occipital & inter cavernous

• Confluence of the sinuses

Dural sinuses (part 2)

• 5 paired sinuses: transverse, sigmoid, cavernous, superior petrosal & inferior petrosal

• confluence of the sinuses

Thorax

• Blood from the tissues & organs in the thorax drained by the intercostal veins % azygos vein

  • azygos v. formed by right lumbar v. & right subcostal v.

• Azygos vein system drains to the svc

  • hemiazygos &accessory hemiazygos vv. drain into azygos v.

Upper limb

• Deep & superficial veins

• hand vv. drain into forearm

  • deep/superficial venous palmar arches/network

  • radial, ulnar, cephalic & basilic

• forearm drains to arm

  • basilic, radial, ulnar vv. drain to the brachial vv.

  • cephalic, basilic & brachial vv. drain to the axillary vv.

  • median cubital vv.

    • between cephalic & basicli

• arms to subclavian vv.- brachiocephalic vv- svc

Abdomen

• Veins drain into the ivc

  • internal iliac & external iliac vv.

    • drain into the common iliac vv.

  • gonadal vv.

    • ovarian vv.

    • testicular vv.

  • renal vv.

  • hepatic vv.

  • phrenic vv.

lower limbs

• foot drains to crural region - drains to leg

  • dorsal vv. superficial & drain to small saphenous vv.- great saphenous vv.

    • great saphenous vv. drains to femoral vv.

• plantar vv. deep & drain to fibular, anterior tibial & posterior tibial vv.

  • popliteal vv. - femoral vv.

• femoral vv. drain into the external liar vv.- ivc