1.2 Memory and Storage

RAM (Random Access Memory)

-Volatile memory - loses all data when power is turned off.

-Temporarily holds active programs and data that the CPU is using.

-Crucial for fast multitasking and system responsiveness.

ROM (Read Only Memory)

-Non-volatile memory - data is permanently stored even when power is off.

-Stores the BIOS/start-up instructions needed to boot the system.

-Cannot be changed during normal use, ensuring system stability.

Virtual Memory

-A section of the hard drive used as extra RAM when physical RAM is full.

-Prevents system crashes due to memory overflow, but slower than actual RAM.

-Used to handle large or multiple programs with limited RAM.

Secondary Storage (Storage)

-Required for permanently storing programs, files, and the operating system.

-Unlike memory, it retains data without power and offers much larger capacity.

Types of Secondary Storage

Magnetic Storage

- e.g. Hard Disk Drives - HDDs

-Offers high storage capacity at low cost per GB.

-Suitable for storing large amounts of data like videos and games.

-Mechanical moving parts make it more prone to damage and wear over time.

Solid-State Storage

-e.g. SSDs, USB sticks

-Uses flash memory with no moving parts, making it faster and more durable.

-Provides rapid access speeds for quicker boot-up and file transfer.

-More expensive per GB, but ideal for speed-critical tasks.

Optical Storage

- e.g. CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays

-Uses lasers to read/write data on spinning discs.

-Low cost and good for distributing media (e.g. movies, music).

-Limited capacity and slower read/write speeds compared to modern storage.

Factors When Choosing Storage

Capacity

Does it hold enough for your needs (e.g. 1TB vs 32GB)?

Speed

How quickly can data be read/written (SSDs > HDDs > optical)?

Portability

Is the device easy to carry and use on the go (e.g. USB stick)?

Durability

Can it survive drops, water damage, or wear (SSDs > HDDs)?

Cost

What's the price per GB, and does it fit your budget?

Flash Memory

-A non-volatile type of memory used in SSDs, USB drives, and SD cards.

-Offers high-speed, compact, and energy-efficient storage.

-Common in mobile devices and laptops for quick data access.