Week 1 TNReady 8th Grade Social Studies Review 4b

Mayflower Compact

signed by many pilgrims, helped establish the idea of self-government

Virginia House of Burgesses

1st Representative assembly in North America

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

First example of a constitution in the colonies.

Joint-Stock Company

A company in which investors buy stock in return for a share of its future profits.

Burgesses

Elected representatives to an assembly.

Representative Government

People chosen by the citizens to make decisions on their behalf and to represent them in the legislative assembly.

Toleration

The acceptance of different beliefs.

Mercantilism

Theory that a state or nation's power is dependent on its wealth.

1st Great Awakening

A period of great revivalism that spread throughout the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. It deemphasized the importance of church doctrine and instead put a greater importance on the individual and their spiritual experience.

Indentured Servant

Laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America.

Boycott

Refusing to buy goods from a certain country.

Repeal

To cancel an act or law.

Writs of Assistance

A legal document that allowed officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled.

Committee of Correspondence

Governments created in each colony before the revolution to organize resistance against the British.

Militia

Military force made up of ordinary citizens.

Blockade

Using ships to prevent goods from leaving a harbor.

Patriots

American colonists who were determined to gain independence from the British.

Loyalists

American colonists who stayed loyal to Great Britain.

Civil Disobedience

The refusal to obey certain laws or government demands for the purpose of influencing legislation or government policy--nonviolent, peaceful. Examples: boycott, picketing, nonpayment of taxes.

Unalienable Rights

rights that cannot or should not be taken away by a government because they are God given; examples: Life, Liberty, pursuit of happiness

Separation of Powers

Divides the powers of the federal government into 3 branches:
Legislative
Executive
Judicial

Checks and Balances

Makes sure no branch of the government becomes too powerful.

Federalism

Power is shared between the states and national government.

Limited Government

The power of the government is restricted by the U.S. Constitution.

States’s Rights

Political powers reserved for the state, as opposed to the federal government.

Republicanism

A system where the people vote for elected representatives to run the government.

Popular Sovereignty

The people hold the ultimate power.

Individual Rights

Bill of Rights- 1st ten amendments to the Constitution.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Compromise between northern and southern states over how slaves would be counted in determining a state's population. Three out of every five slaves would be counted.

Articles of Confederation

First form of government established by the 13 states. Replaced by the US Constitution because it created a weak form of central government.

Constitution

The supreme law of the land in the United States. Written in 1787.

Compromise

agreement between two or more sides in which each side gives up some of what it wants

Federalist

Person who supported the US Constitution

Anti-Federalist

Person who opposed the US Constitution.

Due Process

Idea that the government must follow procedures established by law and guaranteed by the Constitution.

Ratification

Approval of a document or policy.

Amendment

An addition to a document.

Unconstitutional

Against the Constitution.

Necessary and Proper Clause

The right of Congress to make any laws that are needed to carry out their powers guaranteed in the Constitution.

Precedent

A tradition.

Judicial Review

Right of Supreme Court to determine if a law violates the Constitution.

Tariff

A tax on imported goods.

Sedition

Activities aimed at weakening an established government.

Laissez Faire

Economic system where the government does not interfere.

Impressment

forcing people into service, as in the navy.

Embargo

a prohibition or blocking of trade with a certain country.

Nationalism

Love for one's country. 'Merica.

Protective Tariff

Tax on imported goods to protect the American economy.

Benjamin Franklin

Author, publisher, inventor and diplomat. Created the Albany Plan of Union, drafted the Declaration of Independence, negotiated the Treaty of Paris 1783

Thomas Paine

Wrote Common Sense and American Crisis, He urged Americans to support the Patriot cause during the American Revolution.

Marquis de Lafayette

French Noble who helped Americans during the Revolutionary War

King George III

King of England during the American Revolution

George Washington

Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army

Samuel Adams

Boston Patriot who opposed British taxation. He established the committee of correspondence. Leader of the Sons of Liberty.

Roger Williams

political and religious leader best remembered for his strong stance on the separation of church and state and founding the colony of Rhode Island.

Anne Hutchinson

Banished from Massachusetts colony; one of the founders of Rhode Island

William Penn

Established Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers. He supported freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require residents to serve in a militia

Thomas Hooker

Founder of the state of Connecticut, "Father of American Democracy. Connecticut adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut sometimes called the "First written Constitution."

Alexander Hamilton

a Founding Father, a Constitutional Convention delegate, author of the Federalist papers and the first secretary of the Treasury

Navigation Acts

Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.

The Starving Time

The winter of 1609 to 1610. Only sixty members of the original four-hundred Jamestown colonists survived. The rest died because they did not possess the skills that were necessary to obtain food in the new world.

Separatists

People who wanted to have a separate, or different church. Also known as Pilgrims.

Dissenters

Protestant whose views and opinions differed from those of the Church of England

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders

Proclamation Line of 1763

Stated that no colonists could settle in lands to the west of the Appalachian mountains-- made the colonists very upset

Albany Plan

plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown

Propaganda

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.