Historic Environment- Sheffield Manor Lodge

History AQA GCSE

2 reasons why Mary Queen of Scots had to abdicate the throne in 1568?

1) She was implicated in the murder of her 2nd husband Henry Darnley and then later married Earl of Bothwell, the main suspect of the murder
2) She lost support of Catholics and Protestant Scottish nobles who defeated her at the Battle of Longside on 13th May 1568

Upon her arrival, where was Mary placed and under who's custody?

Carlisle Castle and Sir Francis Knollys (a privy councillor)

Where was Mary placed after the Northern Rebellion and why?

Bolton Castle in North Yorkshire because regular movement \= less easy to help her escape

When was Mary put under the custody of George Talbot, Earl of Shrewbury?

November 1570

Reasons why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth?

1) She's elizabeth's cousin
2) she was 10 years younger than elizabeth
3) she has an heir and is catholic
4) she has alliances with scotland and france

who was george talbot, earl of shrewsbury?

A high-ranking nobleman of immense wealth

What were his religious views and would they make mary comfortable?

he was a moderate protestant and some of his family follow more catholic ways of worship

Where was Mary placed before Sheffield Manor Lodge?

Sheffield Castle

how long was Mary at sheffield manor lodge for?

14 years

What was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre and how did it impact England and Shrewsbury?

Hundreds of Protestants from France called Huguenots were assassinated by French Catholics. It created anger against Catholics in England so Shrewsbury added 70 extra guards

What did Shrewsbury do to Sheffield Manor Lodge in 1570?

He did LOTS of renovations- new buildings to house mary's household, new turret house and banquet halls built and scottish designs (thistles, grapes etc.)

What was the original purpose of Sheffield Manor Lodge?

A medieval hunting lodge

Who was Shrewbury's wife?

Bess of Hardwick and a trusted friend of the Queen

What did Bess and Mary do together?

They both did embroidery and sewing

What problem did Mary being a prisoner present to Shrewsbury?

She was a valuable asset to anyone plotting against Elizabeth but she also had be treated like a Queen because of Divine Right

Ways Mary behaved like a Queen during her imprisonment

1) She ate from silver plates
2) She slept on fine linen sheets
3)Her chairs were upholstered in crimson and cloth of gold

What actions did Walsingham take to ensure Mary was unable to plot at Sheffield Manor Lodge?

He placed spies in the Shrewsbury household, he questioned servant and received a written report from Shrewsbury every week

What was said to Walsingham in the weekly reports?

Mary was secure and guarded 24 hours a day with 8 armed men. But the spies said that Shrewsbury was too relaxed by allowing her to ride and see visitors

What were the consequences from the Throckmorton Plot?

Shrewsbury was replaced as Mary's guardian

Why was Shrewsbury supposed to attend Mary's trial?

He was Earl Marshal of England, he was responsible for the administration of justice. But he wrote to Burghley saying he was too ill to attend

What happened on 7th February 1587?

Mary was told she would be executed

Why did Mary cost so much to house?

Mary had her whole court ad has a royal meal of 16 dishes each day. Costed over £3,000 to feed Mary's court

When was Shrewsbury appointed to Privy Council?

In 1571, he attended court once in the 15 years he looked after Mary

Where did Mary spend her time after Shrewsbury?

In 1584, he guardian became Sir Amias Paulet, a puritan and trusted colleague of Walsingham. He wouldn't feel pity for Mary and follow Walsingham's instructions

What happened in 1584?

He was relieved of looking after Mary and he returned to court where he had to make a formal and humiliating statement to clear himself of any disloyalty. Bess worked against him and humiliated him at the Privy Council

What are the 4 main reasons for Mary's imprisonment at Sheffield Manor Lodge?

!) Security Features
2) Entertainment Features
3) Wealth, Character and Status of the owner
4) Protestant religion of the owner

What security features made Sheffield Manor Lodge a good place?

1. Many estates for movement of Mary (Sheffield Manor Lodge and Sheffield Castles is only 2 miles apart)
2. Away from the Sea, London, the court and Scotland
3. 30 guards out of pocket and 70 extra guards after St. Bartholomew's Massacre (24-hour guard of 8 men)
4. Many locations on midlands away from the spa- Sheffield Manor Lodge was central
5. Brick walls to keep Mary safe, and castle- moated and heavily fortified

What entertainment features made Sheffield Manor Lodge a good place?

1. Many properties e.g., spa- to keep Mary happy
2. Sheffield Castle and Sheffield Manor Lodge used together
3. 8 miles, huge gardens, turret house built (used for banquets), avenue of walnut trees, long galleries, wine cellar, courtyards. Refurbished Sheffield Manor Lodge and made it bigger to fit Mary's court and decorated with Scottish symbols
4. Mary's room was at the top because of the Great Chain of Being
5. Bess of Hardwick- sewing, embroidery, horse riding and other activities
6. 16 dishes and £300 on wine for Mary to bathe in

What about the wealth, character and status of Shrewsbury made Sheffield Manor Lodge a good place?

1. High ranking, incredibly wealthy, lots of estates to keep her in good condition and for movement
2. Sheffield Park, Luxury features, long galleries, huge buildings for lots of guest rooms, turret house
3.Many different renovations + features. Emblem and coat of arms everywhere
4. Fine goods for Mary, E-shaped, Windows and glass, multiple stories, £3000 to feed \= all show his wealth
5. Can provide for Mary, he's powerful in the midlands so no one will cross him and appointed to Privy Council in 1571
6. Bess of Hardwick

What about the Protestant religion of Shrewsbury made Sheffield Manor Lodge a good place?

1. Family part Catholic and moderate Protestant, so less likely to argue with Mary
2. Loyal to Elizabeth, not tempted to side with Mary Queen of Scots