Chapter 8: Endocrinology; Emily Nguyen

Pituitary gland

Master endocrine gland; found in the brain

Thyroid gland

found in the neck; produces thyroxine and calcitonin

Parathyroid gland

found with the thyroid gland; produces parathyroid hormone

Adrenal glands

the tip of the kidney with the medulla and the cortex; produces Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Pancreas

found below the liver and stomach; produces insulin

Testes

found in the lower men part; produces testosterone

Ovaries

found in the lower women part; produces estrogen

Thyroxin

increases metabolic reactions associated with energy production, growth, and development

Calcitonin

Lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels

Synthroid

a medication for when a newborn has hypothyroidism

hypothyroidism

low thyroxine that makes the person short in stature and has development issues

Cretinism

low thyroxine with short stature and has development issues

Hyperthyroidism

having too much of thyroxin

Parathyroid hormone

increases blood calcium levels and lowers blood phosphorus levels

Hypocalcemia

not having enough parathyroid hormones

Adrenal Medulla

located on the tip of the kidney (inner part); produces epinephrine

Adrenal Cortex

located on the tip of the kidney (outer part); produces mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Increases metabolic rate, heart, rate, breathing, and blood flow to muscles during exercise

Aldosterone

causes kidneys to retain salt and water, (and excrete potassium) into the urine

Cortisol

stress hormone

Addison’s diease

low cortisol

Cushing’s diease

high cortisol

Insulin

lowers blood sugar level

Glucagon

raises blood sugar level

Diabetes Mellitus

having too little of insulin

Glycogenesis

lowers blood sugar level

Glycogenolysis

raises blood sugar level

Testosterone

masculinizing hormone

Estrogen

feminizing hormone

Progesterone

increases vacularization of uterus

Human Chrionic Gonadotropin

maintain vascularization of uterus during pregnancy

Placenta

in the ovaries; produces Human Chrionic Gonadotropin

Gestation

pregnancy