DCUSH Final Exam Review

Herbert Hoover’s handling of the Great Depression

Most Americans felt that their President had failed completely, and they were ready for a change. All this combined with poor or misinformed economic decisions by Congress and President Hoover, the Great Depression resulted. 

President Hoover used the word depression to describe the state of affairs because he thought it sounded less severe than the other terms. But before long, Hoover’s “depression” gave way to the “Depression” and then the “Great Depression.” The term described not only a state of mind, but also an economic reality. It showed a despondent America, filled with people overwhelmed by seemingly inescapable poverty. Increased criticism (hooverville). 

critics of new deal

Right too radical and too costly and increased socialist views

Left not radical enough

Mexican American and Asian American repatriation

Mexican and Asian Americans faced discrimination while also competing for jobs

Mexican were pushed out the US

John Maynard Keynes and pump priming

Pump priming is economic theory that favored public works projects because they put money into the hands of consumers who would buy more goods, stimulating the economy

John Maynard Keynes- known for advocating government intervention

1. He stated that deficit spending was needed to end the depression

2. Putting money into the consumers hands would help them to buy more goods

3. This would stimulate the economy

Roosevelt presidency and the 22nd Amendment

Got elected 4 times

Limiting presidency to only 2 terms

Genocide

Killing of large numbers of certain groups of people

In this case jewish

Blitzkrieg

Lightning warfare that emphasizes speed and power

Significance of the Battle of the Bulge

December 1944

German soldiers in U.S. uniforms cut telephone lines, change road signs, and spread confusion. 

German tanks secured communication and transportation hubs.

V-E Day

Victory of europe

May 8 1945

Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs

Decided to use the atomic bombs on japan to end the war with America on little casualties

He wanted to save american lives

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Commands invasion of north america

Supreme commander.

Manhattan Project

1942

Roosevelt

General Leslie Groves - materials and security.

J. Robert Oppenheimer - Physicist in charge of the science. 

Secret locations around the country.

Nuremberg Trials

1945

24 nazi leaders tried and sentenced charged with crimes against humanity the peace and war crimes

Hermann Goering- commander of the Luftwaffe

Rudolf Hess- Hitler’s former deputy

Hans Frank- “Slayer of the Poles”

Band of Brothers

101st airborne division

Auschwitz

Largest death camp in southern poland

Beatniks

Small group of writers and artist that were critical to the US society. Conformity individualism.

Many against the beatniks

Support of Mao Zedong and the Chinese civil war

Mao is a communist

Soviets supported mao

Took control and renamed the republic of china

Communist government started after the war

Iron curtain

Border between western and eastern europe

Truman Doctrine

Promise to help nations struggling against communist movements.

Eisenhower Doctrine

January 1957

Us would force to help any middle eastern nation that is affected by communism.

McCarthyism

Extreme, reckless, charges

Mccarthy piles lies and accusations

Accused the george marshal of being a communist.

Bullied many on television

Claimed the us army was full of communist

Suburbs

Mass produce house to cut out on building time

Shopping centers built in suburban towns

Middle class moved to suburbs in hard times

Suburbans gained population

Cities lost tax revenues when middle class moved to the suburbs.

television

1945-1960- tv sold fast

Sitcoms about families

Movie industry threatened

Not a lot of African americans, mental illness and others shown on tv

Changed political campaigns

Beat movement and rock n roll

Traditions of african americans

Elvis presely was a big influence

Many believed rock and roll was demonic

Dr. Jonas Salk

1952 - Dr. Jonas Salk  -  creates vaccine

By 1960, Salk’s vaccine and an oral vaccine (Albert Sabin) had nearly eliminated the disease.

Warren Commission and Lee Harvey Oswald

warren= separate but equal

Determine the assassination of kennedy

Lee harvey assassinated kennedy

Brown v. Board of Education and “separate but equal”

Justice Earl Warren

“Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race…deprive the children of the minority group equal educational opportunities?” Warren asked in his decision. “ We believe that it does…in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place.”

The NAACP challenged the “separate but equal” principle

Plessy vs ferguson.

Equality in schools

Black Power movement and critics

Away from non violence and toward self defense.

AA should use economic and political stakeholders to gain equality.

Goal of the Montgomery Improvement Association during the bus boycotts

African americans can ride the bus freely.

Montgomery Bus Boycotts

When rosa parks refused to give up her seat. The montgomery bus boycotts happened.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

King and another Montgomery minister, Ralph Abernathy established the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to continue the struggles for civil rights

Mostly made up southern African American ministers

Advocated  nonviolent resistance to fight injustice

1. Discrimination and segregation remained widespread

2. 1955 Murder of Emmett Till

1965, SCLC - March from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama.

voting rights legislation

Freedom Riders

2 buses go to new orleans

Used white restrooms in bus stations and asat in teh front

In alabama, segregationist firebombed one of the buses.

In brigham, a white mob attacked one of the buses.

Police and state troopers agreed to protect the riders. 

Federal Transportation Commission - ordered the desegregation of interstate transportation. 

In exchange, Kennedy agreed not to intervene when Mississippi authorities arrested the activists 

Malcolm X

Born malcolm little

X represents his african name and little was his slave name

Convert to nation of islam

He believed that it was possible for black and whites to cooperate

On february 1965, he was shot nd killed

De jure segregation

Eliminated, legal, segregation

Segregation imposed by law

Purpose of the March on Washington

To gain support for the civil rights bill

Fall of Saigon

Spring of 1975 - N. Vietnam launched an offensive. 

Without the U.S. ARVN is overrun. 

By April, the communists had taken Saigon. 

After decades of fighting and millions of deaths, Vietnam was unified under one flag.

US main goal in Vietnam

contain the spread of communism in Southeast Asia

waged a defensive war to protect an ally.

General William Westmoreland

American commander in South Vietnam

Request more troops

Addresses concerns

Draft deferment

Most from working class

Draft was not fair

To college students

Men who worked in designated positions

Poor background

african americans numbers disproportionate highly.

Events in 1968

1968, there were more than 500,000 troops in Vietnam with a death toll of 30,000

Inflation reached 4%

Taxes increased by 10%

GDP reach 9.5% to war effort
President Lyndon B johnson programs weakened by the cost of war. 

94.3 billion spent on war

14.9 billion spent on welfare

277 billion spent on state and local governments and 16% was toward education while 34% toward the military

Tet offensive

Presidential race

Mlk assassinated

Police and proteins fought outside of chicago democratic convention

Formal peace talks

United States aid to France post- WWII

Supported decolonization but wanted france as an ally

Aid france efforts to regain control over vietnam

Contributed 2.6 billion to frances war efforts

Military support

Aid france if france supported the US during the cold war

Ho Chi Minh Trail

Used to send troops and supplies into south vietnam

Was bombed and widened the war

War Powers Act

Restricted the presidents war making powres

Consult with congress within 48 hours

Tet Offensive

Named after vietnamese lunar new year

Coordinated assault on 36 provincial capitals

5 major cities

Us embassy in saigon

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Authorized the president to take all n necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the US and to prevent further aggression

Gave johnson tremendous power

Allowed the us to fight war against north vietnam  without going to congress for permission

Domino Theory

Apart of johnsons war policy

Idea that if vietnam fell to communism, its closest neighbors would follow

Silent majority

Demographic that nixon claimed to represent

Non shouters

Non demonstrators

Protesting the vietnam war

Majority of the country that was silent were their supporters

1968 and 1972 election

White House Tapes and executive privilege

Water gate scandal: members of the government breaking into demographic headquarters ar the water gate hotel and stealing 

Claim executive privilege to justify these actions. 

Phone calls that are related to water gate scandal.

Resigns from presidency

Not removed or impeached.

Fall of East Germany and the Berlin Wall

the east german government fell/ended, the authorities opened up gates to berlin wall. 

Berlin will be reunited after decades of being separated with East and West Berlin.

East berlin were under the control of the Soviets.

Public’s support of Reagan during the 1980 election

Famous actor

Gets into politics/conservative

Very articulate and charismatic

Many voted for him
Funny and humorous

He gets reelected in 1984

Republican domination