operations test three

Design process

Strategically it defines the

company’s customers as well

as its competitors.

● It capitalizes on the

company’s core competencies

and detrmines what new

competencies must be

developed.

● It is also the most driver of

change, in fact new products

and services often define new

markets and require new

processes.

Product design

Determines appearance of product, sets standards for performance specifies which materials are to be used, determines dimensions and tolerances

Service design

Determines what physical items, sensual benefits, and physiological benefits customer is to receive from service, defines environment where will take place

Effective design process

atches product/service

characteristics with customer needs.

• Meets customer requirements in

simplest, most cost-effective

manner.

• Reduces time to market.

• Minimizes revisions.

Reducing time to market

Establish multifunctional design

teams

● Make design decisions concurrently

rather than sequentially

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● Design for manufacture and

assembly

● Use technology in the design

process

● Engage in collaborative design

Concurrent design

new approach to design that involves simultaneous design of products and processes by design

● Involves suppliers

● Incorporates production process

● Uses a price-minus

teams

system

● Improves quality of early design decisions

● Scheduling and management can be complex as tasks are done in parallel

● Uses technology to aid

Input sourcing

Less material

Recycled material

Organic material

Non toxic material

Renewable

material

Durable material

Nearby suppliers

Transformation manufacturing

Less energy to

process

Less waste

Less inventory

Less packaging

Less transport

Renewable

resources

Output consumption

Energy efficient

Longer life

Easy to repair

Recycable

Easy to

disassemble

Useful

Design for robustness

• Product can fail due to poor design

quality

• Products subjected to many conditions

• Controllable factors - under designer’s

control

• Uncontrollable factors - from user or

environment

• Designs products for consistent

performance

Perceptual maps

Visual comparison of

customer perceptions

Benchmarking

Comparing product/service

against best-in-class

Reverse engineering

Dismantling competitor’s product to

improve your own product

Reliability

Probability product performs intended function for

specified length of time

Maintainability

Ease and/or cost with which a product maintained or

repaired

Usability

Ease to use of a product and good fit for a targeted

customer (very important recently i.e. Computers, Softwares

Web-site design

Process

a group of related tasks with specific

inputs and outputs

Process design

ocess design

● tasks need to be done and coordinated

among functions, people, and

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organizations

Process strategy

an organization’s overall approach for

physically producing goods and services

Process planning

converts designs into workable

instructions for manufacture or delivery

Process strategy

verall approach to producing goods

and services

• Defines:

• Capital intensity

• Process flexibility

• Vertical integration

• Customer involvement

Process flexibility

ease with which resources can be adjusted in

response to changes in demand, technology,

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products or services, and resource availability

Vertical integration

Extent to which firm will produce inputs and

control outputs of each stage of production

process

Projects

One -of-a-kind production of a product to customer order

Bath production

systems process many different jobs through the system in

groups or batche

Mass production

produces large volumes of a standard product for a mass

market

Continuous production

Used for very-high volume commodity product

Batch characteristics

Made to order- customized, few individual customers, demand fluctuates, many varied products, low to medium demand, discrete, job shops, equipment- general purpose, worker- wide range of skills

Mass process characteristics

Workers- limited range of skills, assembly, high demand, not vouch variety of products, repetitive assembly lines, made to stock standardized, stable product demand