PSY 350 Purdue Exam 1

DASS-21

-Depression Anxiety Stress Scale
-self reported
-look for pattern with symptoms and severity

YBOCS

-Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale
-defines obsessions and compulsions
-asks if patient ever or currently had these symptoms

Anxiety Disorders

something that the fear is out of proportion to the actual level threat

Specific Phobia

fear of a specific thing that goes beyond probable scenario

Specific Phobia Treatment

exposure therapy

Panic Disorder

fear of panic attacks

Panic Disorder Symptoms

-overwhelming sense of fear
-panic attacks (heart racing, difficulty breathing, 5-10 min, feels like heart attack)
-part of normal human life, doesn't mean anything is psychologically wrong
-avoid things they think are associated with the panic attacks but aren't actually

Social Phobia/Anxiety

fear of social situations, fear of possible negative evaluation from other people

Social Phobia/Anxiety Treatment

exposure therapy can help but it is very difficult since it is not a physical issue, in patient mind

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

anxiety not about anything specific, typically not something that they can prepare for. endless worry about an endless amount of things

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms & Etiology

-chronic pattern: always been this way
-long standing and engraved
-genetic
-NOT a trauma response

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Treatment

-ACT (acceptance and commitment therapy); helps people come to terms that anxiety is held to tightly and not productive
-exposure therapy will NEVER work

Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

-feeling an obsessive thought and responding with the compulsion

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Symptoms

-An anxiety disorder in which the symptoms of anxiety are triggered by intrusive, repetitive thoughts and urges to perform certain ritualistic actions
-Symptoms are very common, diagnosis is not

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Treatment

-SSRI's help to take the edge off
-can use exposure therapy to force obsessive thought but don't allow compulsion
-exposure and response prevention (in vivo - touch contaminated object, imaginal exposure- imagine doing the thing, cognitive intervention- learn importance of thoughts)

Hoarding Definition and Treatment

-keeping things with no value at all, just in case
-treatment: differentiating subjective value, cognitive behavioral therapy helps when patients are younger but not older

Trichotillomania

-hair pulling disorder
-similar to chronic nail biting, just less socially acceptable
-treatment: habit reversal training
-20% of people eat the hair

Body Dysmorphia Disorder

-preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance
-repetitive behavior or mental acts (ex: spending hours obsessing over how hair looks and could be perceived)

Body Dysmorphia Disorder Prevalence

-2% point prevalence
-higher in cosmetic surgery patients 7-15%
-onset in adolescence or young adult

Body Dysmorphia Areas of Concern

-nose, hair, skin, stomach, teeth, weight
-each individual has an average of 6 areas of concern

Body Dysmorphia Disorder Overlap

-psychosis: many have poor insight, antipsychotic meds ineffective
-eating disorder: symptom overlap, gender prevalence, runs in families with OCD
-comorbidity: depression; 75% (develops after), OCD; 37%, Social Phobia; 30% (develops first), substance abuse; 30%

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatments for Fear and Anxiety Symptoms

-phobic object tends to be traumatic memory
-"memories are just thoughts and cannot hurt you"
-Imaginal exposure therapy to traumatic memory
-it is CRITICAL that the patient knows that they are safe

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatments for When Patients Life has Done a 180 Symptoms

-Narrative processing therapy
-cognitive intervention to help patients to better understand themselves and the world

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatments for Avoidance of Situations/Places Symptoms

-Situational exposure therapy
-expose patient to situation/place that they are avoiding

Major Depressive Disorder

-severe negative mood state for weeks/months

Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms

-sadness/emptiness
-anhedonia; absence of pleasure (numb)
-disturbance of sleep
-fidgety or moving slowly
-fatigue
-feeling worthless
-extreme guilt
-suicidal thought or intentions

Major Depressive Disorder Etiology

-16% lifetime prevalence
-avg onset at 30 yrs but can strike at any age
-1 in 6 people experience this
-leading cause of disability even out of physical disabilities
-doesn't need life event to trigger

Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder)

chronic mild depression, 2 years or longer

Dysthymia Etiology

-22% develop MDD
-avg onset in early 20's
-3.5% lifetime prevalence

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

-very similar to MDD
-symptoms only occur with menstrual cycle

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

-a childhood disorder marked by severe recurrent temper outbursts along with a persistent irritable or angry mood
-made up ? probably just bipolar in kids 6-18

Bipolar Disorder 1

characterized by full blown episodes of mania

Bipolar Disorder 1 Etiology

-lifetime prevalence 1%
-equal in men and women
-avg. onset in adolescence/ young adult
-rarely part 40 yrs
-chronic
-poor insight

Mania

-opposite of MDD
-last days to weeks
-sometimes brought on by sleep pattern disturbance
-after mania happens depressive episode WILL come

Mania Symptoms

-euphoria
-invincible
-risky/dangerous pleasure seeking activities
-grandiose thinking, "best to ever exist at this thing"
-reckless & destructive behavior, substance abuse

Bipolar Disorder 2

-depressive and manic episodes that are much less severe and shorter
-hypomania: feels good but still isn't

Cyclothymia

-sub-threshold symptoms of mania and depression
-rarely in neutral state
-pattern for 2 + years
-high risk for developing 1 and 2
-probably not real, just bipolar 2 in an early stage

what causes depression

-equifinality: all have depression, just seem to have different causes
-no definite answer

Mood Disorder Genetic Relations

-risk is 2-3 x greater if family members have them
-unipolar and bipolar have separate inheritance
-anxiety/depression share same genetic liability

SSRIs

-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
-drug works immediately but symptoms don't decrease for several weeks, so is serotonin really the issue?