Marcone exam review

Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. The reactants in this reaction are

magnesium and hydrochloric acid

Matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume is

solid

Air is a mixture and not a compound because:

its composition can vary

Matter can be defined as anything that:

has mass and volume

Which of the following is best classified as a homogeneous mixture? A. blood B. pizza C. hot tea D. copper wire

A. blood

A compound differs from a mixture in that a compound:

has a definite composition by the mass of the elements that the compound contains

Which of the following is not a physical state of matter? A. gas B. liquid C. solid D. element

D. Element

Three of the following must contain two or more kinds of atoms. Which one does not contain two or more kinds of atoms? A. element B. compound C. homogeneous mixture D. heterogeneous mixture

A. element

Which of the following symbols does not match the element name given? A. P,Phosphorus B. Al,Aluminum C. Co,copper D. K, Potassium

co, copper

Which of the following statements best defines the term "Chemistry"?

the study of composition, structure and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes and energy changes that accompany those processes

Which of the following is not a branch of chemistry? A. Organic chemistry B. Biochemistry C. materials chemistry D. physical chemistry

C. materials chemistry

is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical

identity of that element.

an atom

is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler,

stable substances and is made of one type of atom.

an element

is a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. They are made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

a compound

is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without

changing the identity of the substance.

physical property

is a characteristic that relates to a substance's ability to

undergo changes that transform it into different substances.

chemical property

Which of the following masses is the largest? A..020kg B. .200g C. 20.0mg D. 2000micro grams

A .020kg

Which of the following measurements contains three significant figures? A. 200ml B. 0.02ml C. 20.2ml D. 200.0ml

C. 20.2ml

A theory differs from a hypothesis in that a theory:

has been subjected to experimental testing

all measurements is science

have some degree of uncertainty

When numbers are multiplied or divided, the answer can have no more

significant figures than are in the measurement that has the smallest number of

significant figures

Which of the following is not part of the scientific method?

introducing a bias

the accuracy of a measurement

is how close it is to the true value

A measurement of 23,465mg converted to grams equals:

23.465g

A metal sample has a mass of 45.65g. The volume of the sample is 16.9cm3. The density of the sample is:

2.70g/cm^3

is a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has

been selected for study during an experiment.

a system

is a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena

a law

is a measurement that has magnitude, size or amount.

quantitative data

is a measure of the gravitational pull on matter.

weight

is the amount of space that is occupied by an object.

volume

is the ratio of mass to volume or mass divided by volume.

density

is a mathematical technique that allows one to use units to solve

problems involving measurements.

dimensional analysis

refers to the closeness of a set of measurements of the same

quantity made in the same way.

precision

A chemical compound always has the same elements in the same proportions by

mass regardless of the source of the compound. This is a statement of:

the law of definite proportions

An important result to Rutherford's experiments with gold foil was to establish that

the atom is mostly empty space

Which subatomic particle has a charge of +1?

proton

Which particle has the least mass?

electron

Cathode rays are composed of:

electrons

The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of:

protons

How many neutrons are present in an atom of tin, Sn, that has an atomic number of 50 and a mass number of 119?

69

What is the mass of 1.50mol of sodium, Na?

34.5g

how many moles of carbon are in a 28.0 g sample

2.33 mol

How does Thomson's model of the atom differ from Rutherford's?

In Thomson's model, the electrons are located in different places among a uniform positive charge.

Which statement is true of Bohr's model of the atom?

the electrons orbit the nucleus like the planets orbit the sun

From the gold foil experiment, Rutherford concluded that

The electrons orbit the nucleus like the planets orbit the sun.

are short-range proton-proton, proton-neutron, and neutron-

neutron forces that hold the nuclear particles together.

nuclear forces

are atoms of the same element that have different masses -

or a different number of neutrons than protons

isotopes

the _______________ or the atomic mass is the total number of protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an isotope or atom.

mass number

Avogadro's number is which of the following?

6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol

___________ is the mass of one mole of a pure substance

molar mass

Which of the following relationships is true?

higher energy light has a higher frequency than lower energy light does

The energy of a photon is greatest for

x-ray, radiation

Which transition in an excited hydrogen atom will emit the longest wavelength of

light?

E2 to E1

What is the maximum number of unpaired electrons that can be placed in a 3p sublevel?

8

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a 3s orbital?

2

Which element has the noble gas notation [Kr]5s24d2?

Zr

is the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves.

wavelength

is defined as the number of waves that pass a given point in a

specific time, usually a second.

frequency

is defined as the minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom

quantum

Wavelength can be measured in

meters and all the other variations of meter(nanometer, picometer etc...)

When an electron falls to a lower energy level, a photon is emitted. This process

is called

emission

is a three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates.

the probable location of an electron

an orbital

The shape of the p orbital is best described as:

dumbell

the ____________ states that an electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital

Aufbau principle

according to the __________ no two electrons in the same atom can

have the same set of four quantum numbers and if two electrons occupy the same

orbital, they have different spins.

pauli exclusion principle

according to ____________ orbitals of equal energy are each occupied

by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spine state.

hunds rule

When using orbital notation to represent electron configurations, a represents the fact that either one or two electrons are occupying an orbital.

arrow

In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged according to

increasing atomic number

Group 17 elements, the halogens, are the most reactive of the nonmetal elements because they

require only one electron to fill their outer energy level

The periodic law states that

the chemical properties of elements can be grouped according to periodicity

As you move left to right across Period 3 from Mg to Cl, the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom

generally increases

Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?

Flourine

the noble gases have

high ionization energies

Which two elements are more likely to have the same charge on their ions?

Sn and Si

Using only a periodic table, choose the list that ranks the elements Sr, Te, Kr, Ru and Cs in order of increasing ionization energy.

Cs

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration of Rubidium, Rb?

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^10 4s^2 4p^6 5s^1

Which periodic trend decreases from left to right across a periodic table?

atomic radius

Mendeleev developed a periodic table of elements based largely on atomic mass. Which development in the early 1900s extended and supported Mendeleev's arrangement of elements on the periodic table?

spectral determination of atomic numbers

Refer to your periodic table. Of the elements Boron, B; Carbon, C; Nitrogen, N; Oxygen, O; and Fluorine, F - what structure do all of these elements have in common?

number of energy levels

A sample of a substance has a high density, yet a low particle motion. This sample is most likely a:

solid

Which mass of NaCl is equal to 0.80 mole of NaCl?

47g

Which statement best describes two substances forming a covalent bond?

two nonmetals combine because they share valence electrons

How many moles are present in 45.0g of lithium oxide (Li2O)?

1.50 moles

Which type of mixture forms when sugar is completely dissolved in water?

solution

Which statement accurately describes mixtures and compounds?

mixtures can be separated by physical means, while compounds require separation by chemical means

During extreme winter months, why do car tires need to be readjusted for the decrease in temperature?

because tire pressure decreases due to the drop in temperature

Students perform an investigation to verify the property of change in matter as

a physical or chemical change. They dissolve an effervescent antacid tablet in water. Which observation indicates a chemical change occurred?

the resulting solution produced a gas

Refer to your periodic table. Which of the following elements would have the largest atomic radius: Lithium, Li; Beryllium, Be; Boron, B; Carbon, C; Nitrogen, N; Oxygen, O; Fluorine, F; Neon, N?

Li

Which of the following statements is true:

Currently, scientists know the energies of electrons but only approximate areas (orbitals) where the electrons are probably located

Which state of matter has the greatest distance between the individual

particles?

gas

How many neutrons are found in an isotope of uranium-235?

143

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the d sublevel?

10

How many electrons does chlorine need to obtain a full outer energy level of electrons?

1

What is the mass number of an isotope that has 17 electrons and 20 neutrons?

37

Which of the following is the correct scientific notation for the measurement 12 500 000cm?

1.25x10^7

Several teams of students wanted to test the hypothesis that a chemical reaction will occur faster at higher temperatures. Which of these provides evidence of bias- free conclusion?

each team of students independently repeated the experiment to obtain precise data

Which statement is consistent with the Bohr model of an atom?

electrons orbit the nucleus in circular orbits at specified energy levels

Boiling point, density, conductivity, and color may all be classified as the

of a substance.

physical propertied

The atom with the largest radius is:

U

The differentiating electrons for transition elements are:

electrons