BIO112 Development

fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis

developmental sequence of embryonic development

metamorphosis

development from larva to next stage in indirect development

fast-block to polyspermy

binding of sperm causes the egg membrane to depolarize preventing other sperm from binding to the egg membrane

slow-block to polyspermy

fertilization envelope clips off sperm receptors as it is formed

totipotent

embyronic cells are considered _______, meaning they can develop into all the different cell types of the species.

determinate development

developmental fate of cells happens quite early (associated with spiral cleavage and common in protosomes; mollusks and annelids)

indeterminate development

development fate of cells happens later (happens in deuterostomes; echinoderms and vertebrates)

holoblastic/entire cleavage

cleavage plane passes all the way through sphere, little to no yolk present

meroblastic/partial cleavage

cleavage plane passes only through embryonic cells, much yolk present

ectoderm

outer layer of embyro

ectoderm

helps form epidermis, nervous and sensory system, some glands, adrenal medulla, jaws and teeth, and germ cells

mesoderm

middle layer of embryo

mesoderm

helps form skeletal and muscular systems, circulatory and lymphatic systems, excretory and reproductive systems, dermis of skin, and adrenal cortex

endoderm

inner layer of embryo

endoderm

helps form epithelial lining of digestive tract and associated organs, epithelial lining of respiratory, excretory, reproductive tracts and ducts, thymus, thyroid, and parathyroid glands

direct development

what development do reproductively miniature immature adults go through?

indirect development

what development consists of distinct juvenile stages (aka metamorphosis)?

complete/holometabolous

what is the type of metamorphosis that is development in insects?

incomplete/hemimetabola

what is the type of metamorphosis that is several nymph stages?

gastrulation

forming the primary cell layers of the animal body

organogenesis

formation of 3 germ layers

cleavage

division of cells in early development

coelomate, pseudocoelomate, acoelomate

body cavity types