B9 - Respiration

What is cellular respiration?

An exothermic reaction that occurs continously in living cells

Is aerobic respiration an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

exothermic

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

glucose + oxygen ----> carbon dioxide + water (energy transferred to environment)

What is the energy transferred supplying for?

all living processes

Why is respiration important?

- carry out basic functions of life
- In animals, to make muscles contract
- maintain a constant internal body temperature
- In plants, to move mineral ions from the soil to the root hair cells

What are the body's response to exercise?

- an increase in heart rate, in the breathing rate and in the breath volume

- glycogen stores in the muscles are converted to glucose for respiration

- The flow of oxygenated blood to the muscles increases

Why does this happen when responding to exercise?

To increase rate of oxygen and oxygen to the muscles and the rate of removal of carbon dioxide from the muscles.

When does anaerobic respiration happen?

If muscles work too hard for a long time , they become fatigued and don't contract efficiently. If they don;t get enough oxygen, then they respire anaerobically

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

glucose ---> lactic acid (energy transferred to environment)

Which type of respiration transfers more energy?

aerobic respiration

What is oxygen debt?

The amount of oxygen needed to convert the accumulated lactic acid into glucose.

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?

glucose ---> ethanol + carbon dioxide (energy transferred to environment)

What is metabolism?

The sum of all reactions in the body

What are some common metabolic reactions?

- the conversion of glucose to starch , glycogen and cellulose
- the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acid molecules
- the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids that are then used to make proteins
- respiration and photosynthesis
- the breakdown of excess of proteins in the liver to form urea for excretion in the urine by the kidneys

What transports lactic acids to the liver

blood flowing through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver where it converts back to glucose.