speech final exam

what makes professional communication different from normal communication

normal communication is the process of exchanging meaning through symbolic interaction typically more relaxed with use of slang. professional communication focuses on clarity, achieving work goals with a businesslike tone and avoiding slang.

what are the high 5 when it comes to having a solid presentation

maintaing eye contact, poise/posture, volume, flow, personality

what are the differences between empathy and sympathy? which one is most preferred and why?

empathy requires us to find something within to understand another’s perception/situation. Sympathy is feeling sorrow for someone’s misfortune. Empathy is preferred because it creates acceptance and understanding

when comparing equality and equity, which one is most fair for everyone involved and why?

equality is evenly distributed tools and assistance regardless of someone’s situation. Equity is providing assistance and accomodations in order to set everyone up for success.

how can you show confidence in public speaking

eye contact - speaker seems confident & trustworthy, volume - not too soft, staying poised and relaxed

what is communication apprehension

“stage right”

what is a norm in communication

a norm is a stated or implied expectation, a guideline for what is appropriate

what differentiates the two types of communication barriers

nosie & barriers

what is climate?

influences the emotional atmosphere and how it refers to a groups emotional response

physical environment is

the actual place or space where communication occurs

the 3 parts that make up context are what

occasion, people, task

intrapersonal

communication that occurs in your own mind

interpersonal

communication between two people

small group

communication in formal/informal groups of 3 or more

one to group

communciation involved with a speaker who seeks to inform, persuade, or influence an audience

mass communication

the electronic or mass transmission of messages to the general public

how do stereotyping and prejudice differ

stereotyping is an idea about a group that can be both positive and negative typically an overgeneralization associated with a group, while prejudice is always negative and can be an attitude or belief

how do stereotyping and prejudice affect communication

they create major barriers to communication by causing oversimplification, bias, and poor interpretation of specific groups of people leading to ineffective messages that hinder genuine connection between people

nonverbal communication makes up how much of our communication

93%

rate

how fast or slow people speak

pitch

how high or low a person’s voice gets

volume

how loud or soft

inflection

placing emphasis on a certain word or phrase

tone

quality of sound

2 examples of nonverbals that indicate dishonest

increased face touching and decreased hand activity

the three types of handshakes are

gentle, firm, and texan

intimate distance

under 18 inches

personal distance

1 ½ to 4 feet

social distance

4 to 12 feet

public distance

over 12 feet

what is the difference between hearing and listening

active is when the reciever participates fully in communication process while passive is when the reciever does not actively participate in interactions (listening passively)

which is preferred of a student during a lecture, active listening or passive listening and why

acitve listening is preferred because the student should be listening attentively while providing feedback to full understand the information

listening spare time

the ability to listen faster than other people can speak. on average a person speaks about 120-180 words per minute while we can listen up to 6x as fast

appreciative listening

listening for enjoyment, helps a person relax
ex: social situations, concerts, and movies

discriminative listening

recognition of a different tone, rate, and verbal(?), allows you to single out a single sound from a noisy environment. you automatically learn this skill as a baby

empathic listening

to develop understanding and appreciation of the meanings and feelings; listening to understand, participate, and enhance a relationship

critical listening

fully active listening, listening for important information
example: a sales scenario where you have to actively evaluate and analyze information

a leakage can be defined as

a gesture or shift in body position that gives away your feelings

persuasion is defined as

causing someone to do something through reasoning or argument

you attempt to persuade an individual by ___ to what motivates or persuades them

“appealing”

logos (logical)

logical appeal that used solid reasoning, evidence, and statistics

pathos(emotional)

emotional appeal, uses heartwarming stories, personal experiences, and fear/paranoia/hunger

ethos(personal)

ethical appeal that used credibility, character, expert/customer reviews, and endorsements

a flawed argument that can easily be disproven through reasoning is called

a logical fallacy (can be propaganda).

gliterring generality

vague and general statements that cannot be proven or unproven (ex: "Handcrafted," "ethically sourced," or "Pure, fresh, mountain spring water”).

card stacking

giving only one side of the argument (ex: a bag of fries saying "50% less fat”).

bandwagon

when people do something primarily because other people are doing it (ex: “everyone else is doing it, you should do it too).

testimonial

uses a respected credible person’s endorsement to sell a product/idea,

unrelated testimonial

an endorsement typically from a celebrity to promote an idea or product even if they lack the expertise

ad hominem

attacks the person rather than the idea (ex: name calling)

strawman

an argument that argues against an exaggerate, inaccurate version of the opposition rather than their accurate argument (ex: Person 1-“Because of the thefts in our building, I think we should add more security cameras.” Person 2-“So you’re saying you don’t trust your neighbors?”).

slippery slope

claims a specific series of events will follow one starting point, with no evidence of this chain of events

authoritarian leadership

known as autocratic leadership, requires full authority and control over a gorup

participative leadership

most effective and appropriate when the leader needs the team to have ownership of a decision, plan, or goal

laissez faire leadership

also known as free-rein leadership, involves the leader offering little to no guidance and entrusting group members to make decisions

what is the best size for a group?

5-7 people

the best seating arrangement for a group is

a circle

puff balls

easy questions lobbed your way (ex: “tell me about yourself”).

bridges

transitioning from one answer to another (a negative to a positive)

sparklers

an anecdote to help your answer come alive (ex: if you say one of your qualities is leadership, give a personal example of when you led a team to success).

star format

situation, task, action, result; helps individuals prepare for an interview and provide clear examples of their skills

part 1 of a resume

header

part 2 of a resume

summary

part 3 of a resume

career objective

part 4 of a resume

education

part 5 of a resume

experience/job history

part 6 of a resume

selected achievements

part 7 of a resume

skills & abilities

part 8 of a resume

references