HUN2000L FINAL EXAM

The scientific method is an objective approach to solving a problem. It is a 5-step process. Select the correct processes arranged in the correct order.

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion

Pick the choice that fits . 100mL = __ uL = __ L

100000, 0.1

The Liter is the base unit of measure of volume.

True

A scientific balance is used to measure:

Mass

In this step of the Scientific method, trends or differences obtained between the groups are looked at carefully.

Analysis

In this step of the Scientific method, variables are manipulated in order to obtain an answer to the posed question.

Experiment

_ describes the ability of a test to detect small differences.

Precision

_ is a unit used to measure the mass of a substance.

Gram

_ is a testable prediction of an outcome that guides the scientific inquiry process.

Hypothesis

The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated in an experiment.

True

The ratio of the apparent size of an object as seen through the microscope (image size) to the real size of the object (object size) is referred to as:

Magnification

The ability of the microscope to distinguish as separate and distinct, objects that lie in close proximity is termed:

Resolution

_ contains the cell's genetic material and controls activities in the cell.

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

in both plant and animal cells

DNA

in both plant and animal cells

rigid cell wall

plant cell only

plasma membrane

in both plant and animal cells

The process of digestion prepares food for absorption in the body.

True

The mouth is the main site for the digestion and absorption of food.

False

The small intestine is divided into duodenum, jejunum, ileum and rectum.

False

One tablespoon of table sugar (sucrose) was mixed into a cup of water to make a sugar solution. Which is the solute?

sucrose

The movement of molecules through diffusion depends on which of the following factors?

charge of the molecules

solubility of the molecules

size of the molecules

Osmosis is a modified type of diffusion where _ move across a semi-permeable membrane.

water molecules

What is used as an indicator in this experiment? (cells and osmosis)

iodine

When red blood cells are placed in pure water, they tend to swell up. This is most likely due to:

osmosis

Osmosis is an example of active transport and requires energy.

False

Which of the following describes the importance of water in the body?

helps in the transport of nutrients

acts as a medium for metabolic reactions

helps in the excretion of waste such as urea

Which of the following is NOT necessary in order for osmosis to take place?

solutions with two or more solutes

Over a period of time in the beaker, what do you expect will happen to the volume of liquid (containing starch and glucose) inside the bag made of dialysis tubing used in this experiment?

volume will increase

Diffusion of molecules may occur in air or in a solution.

True

A test that is reliable is defined as one that can detect small differences.

False

When obtaining information for the 24-hour recall, in addition to the amount of food consumed, it is also necessary to know the preparation method of the food.

True

When collecting data for a scientific experiment, it is common to find variation between the samples.

True

Which of the following pieces of information about an individual is not required for analysis of dietary intake?

Ethnic origin

A test that is valid is defined as one that measures what it claims to measure.

True

When conducting an experiment following the scientific method, it is best practice to take a measurement only once in order to get the maximum accuracy. Replicates are not necessary.

False

The 24-hour recall is used to calculate an index that tells you if you are at risk for diseases like heart disease and cancer.

False

The 24 hour recall method outlined in this experiment can be used to:

analyze nutrient intake

Multi-vitamin and mineral supplements do not have to be reported in a 24-hour recall since they are not considered food items.

False

Condiments such as salad dressings do not have to be recorded in a 24-hour recall since they are used in small quantities.

False

Which of the following is not involved in mechanical digestion?

enzymes

The enzyme called _ begins the process of starch digestion in the mouth.

amylase

Match the sections of the gastrointestinal tract with the corresponding pH. mouth

neutral

Match the sections of the gastrointestinal tract with the corresponding pH. stomach

highly acidic

Match the sections of the gastrointestinal tract with the corresponding pH. small intestine

slightly basic

Lowering the temperature will generally increase the activity of an enzyme.

False

Digestive enzymes are specifically suited to different parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

True

Buffers always increase the pH in the body.

False

Chemical digestion facilitates (enables or makes possible) the process of mechanical digestion.

False

Denaturation will increase the activity of an enzyme.

False

Most dietary fat is found in this form:

Triglycerides

The enzyme mainly involved in the process of lipid digestion is _.

Lipase

Which organ stores and releases bile?

Gall bladder

Bile plays a major role in lipid digestion through this process:

emulisification

In the lab exercise on Lipid Digestion, the indicator called Litmus will change color from blue to pink due to the presence of _.

acid

Which of the following helps to either prevent or minimize a change in pH in the body?

buffer

Which of the following can affect the action of enzymes in the digestive tract?

pH

Where does most of lipid digestion and absorption take place?

small intestine

Which organ secretes the enzyme Lipase

Pancreas

End products of lipid digestion include _

fatty acids

The building block of proteins are

amino acids

Which of the following elements is found in proteins making them unique from other macronutrients like carbohydrates and lipids?

nitrogen

Protein digestion begins in the __ by the action of the enzyme __

stomach ; pepsin

A stretch of _ called a gene contains the information for the structure of a polypeptide.

DNA

Where does transcription occur?

nucleus

Where does translation occur?

cytoplasm

Many detergents and household cleaners have added enzymes.

True

The nucleotide sequence that makes up mRNA is made up of 4-letter codons.

False

The protein that will be used to visualize protein digestion in this lab exercise is _.

gelatin

In keeping with the central dogma of biology, in the cell transcription occurs after translation occurs.

False

What is a spectrophotometer?

An instrument used to measure the amount of light absorbed by liquid samples

How will bovine serum albumin (BSA) be used in the assya in this lab exercise? (protein content)

To establish a standard curve for the estimation of protein concentration

In this lab exercise, protein content of a solution is measured using this assay:

Biuret assay

A sample that absorbs all wavelengths of the spectrum will appear _.

black

Peptide bonds in the protein will react with the reagent and form a _-colored complex.

purple

This protein content lab exercise will determine the concentrations of individual amino acids in the protein solutions.

False

The more the number of protein molecules in the sample solution, the greater its absorbance.

True

The color of the protein solution depends on the interaction between the protein and _.

photons

What type of metal is present in the salts that make up the detection reagent in this experiment?

copper

The detection reagent used in this lab experiment forms the colored product under _ conditions.

alkaline

Vitamin C is also known as _.

ascorbic acid

Which of the following represents good food sources of vitamin C?

fruits and vegetables

Which of the following describes the process of titration?

A method of determining the unknown quantity of one chemical reactant by making it react with precisely measured quantities of a standardized reactant until the reaction is complete.

In this lab exercise, ____ will be used as the standardized reactant in the titration reaction.

Iodine solution

Vitamin C " captures" _ by giving up its own electrons causing the reactive species to become reduced

free radicals

An important role for vitamin C in the body is its function as a/an .

antioxidant

Vitamin C is a _-soluble vitamin.

water

The major green pigments in spinach are:

chlorophylls

Carotenoids are soluble in _.

fat

Beta carotene is called pro-vitamin because it can be converted to __ in the body.

vitamin A

Which compartment does skeletal muscle belong to?

Fat-free Mass

Which compartment does glycogen belong to?

Fat-free Mass

Which compartment does adipose tissue belong to?

Fat mass

Which compartment does body water belong to?

Fat-free Mass

Which compartment does bone belong to?

Fat-free Mass

Which choice indicates all that must be known in order to analyze body composition using BIA?

Age, gender, height, weight

Which principle is the technique of bioelectrical impedence based on:

body's conductivity of electrical current

The body's fat mass contains more water than the body's muscle mass.

False

As blood surges into the arteries during a heartbeat, each artery stretches and bulges. This brief bulge of the artery is called a _.

pulse

Which of the following will have an effect on the measurements made using BIA?

water retention status or edema

hydration status

use of diuretics