African American History: Midterm Review// Mr. Simmons

Definition of Stereotype

Generalization or assumption about a group of people that is usually derogatory or mocking; it can also be an opinionated observation blown out of proportion. Type of racism.

Definition of Racism

To discriminate against a specific group of people based on race or ethnicity; to make another race inferior or superior. Used to generalize a group or be derogatory.

Definition of Civil Rights

Rights that are given to all American citizens by the constitution of the United States

Definition of Nationalism

The identification with one's nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of other nations

True or false: Slaves came from Africa

False. Enslaved people came from Africa.

Definition of Xenophobia

Fear or dislike of non-citizens or foreigners

Definition of Prejudice

To make a judgement about someone based on personal bias; Judging someone off of personality

Definition of Discrimination

To separate from a group because of physical or personal prejudice

Loving vs Virginia Case

The right to marry anyone outside of their own race (interracial couples) was made possible by this court case

Definition of Implicit Bias

The brain's automatic instant association of stereotypes or attitudes toward particular groups, often without our conscious awareness; Also called unconscious bias or implicit social cognition

Definition of Gentrification

When a neighborhood is rebuilt for a more expensive price by an unusual demographic and is then populated by another group that wouldn't live in that area beforehand; Transformed for a wealthier class of people.

Definition of White Privilege

Special advantages and favor for white people

Definition of Bourgeois

Often wealthier class people that are stuck up and entitled

Definition of Hipsters

People who were gentrified and tried to take back what they had

Definition of Australopithecine

Southern Ape; Earliest form of a Hominid.

Where did man originate?

Humans first came to be in Africa before parting ways in two different directions.

Who was Lucy?

Oldest discovered hominid and australopithecine; Her bones were found and used to support Human evolution from monkeys

Definition of Hominid

An ape who decided to walk upright.

Definition of Homoerectus

Human-like monkey whose body was designed or altered to stand straight up; Apes that evolved into bipedal human like beings

Definition of Homo Sapien

Human thinker; Modern Human

How can scientists tell what gender apes were based on their bones?

The female pelvis is wider than the males.

Definition of Nomad

Wanderer; Somebody that goes from place to place with no permanent home

Definition of Scavengers

Someone or something who picks up stuff and doesn't pay for it. They find objects or food for free.

Definition of Theism

Belief in God

Definition of Diety

To believe in an idol or something that represents a god, usually not allowed in monotheistic religion

Definition of Agnostic

To believe in a god but not a set religion

Examples of Monotheism

Islam

Christianity

Judaism

Examples of Polytheism

Hinduism

Buddhism

Greek Mythology

Taoism

Nordic Mythology

Roman Mythology

Shinto

Definition of Hierarchy

Social order ranked by power and wealth

Definition of Domestication

Any animal that lives and works with man

Definition of Pharoah

Ruler of the Royal House

Definition of Dynasty

A series of rulers from the same family

Definition of Sphinx

Lion with a head of a man

Definition of Pyramid

a large triangle shaped monument built for the ruling families of Egypt

Why do we need religion?

Rules

Morals

Order

Standards

Punishment

Definition of Hieroglyphics

Picture based writing

Definition of Papyrus

A writing material made from reeds; Egyptian style paper

Definition of Cro Magnon

Cavemen in Germany found un Cro Magnon mountains

Definition of Neanderthal

Frozen caveman in France found in the Neanderthal mountains, still wearing clothes

Definition of Peking Man

Subspecies of Homo Erectus that inhabited northern China

Definition of Mummies

Dead people bandaged up and preserved

Who was Queen Hatshepsut?

The only female Egyptian Pharaoh

Who was Ramesses II?

The most powerful Pharaoh

Definition of Immigrant

A person who comes to a country by their own free will

Definition of Refugee

A person who escapes their country for various reasons

Definition of Migration

A large movement of people or animals from place to place

Definition of Slave

A person who was born into slavery; A child's fate relies on the condition of the mother

Definition of Enslaved

A person who was once free and was put into slavery

Definition of Slavery

A time when people owned other people as property

Where did Columbus land?

In the Bahamas, or Caribbean; He never landed in mainland America.

Where was the first settlement in the New World?

North Carolina

What was Roanoke Island like?

It was located between the mainland and outer banks or barrier islands, which protected the colony from storms— In Virginia, not North Carolina

Who was North Carolina named after?

Princess Caroline

Who was Walter Raleigh?

He established a settlement and named it after his sponsor, Queen Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen— Virginia. He also sent people to populate Roanoke.

What happened to Roanoke?

No one knows. The only clue was the word "Croatia" carved on a tree, and how the natives had lighter skin. Europeans and natives most likely mixed together.

Who found Roanoke after it became the Lost Colony?

Lord De La Warr discovered the note carved on the tree; He was in charge of monitoring Roanoke in Virginia.

Who was the first European born in the New World?

Virginia Dare

Definition of Triangle Slave Trade

The exchange between Europe, America and Africa— Also called Columbian Exchange or Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Definition of Northwest Passage

The passage between North America and East Asia

Definition of Pennisulares

Pure blood white Spanish descent born on the Iberian Peninsula

Definition of Creoles

Mixed European and black descent, especially in the Carribean

Definition or Mestizos

Mixed race, most likely Spanish or Indigenous blood

Definition of Virginia Company

English trading company sponsored or chartered by King James

Who was Pocahontas?

She married John Ralph as a 13 year old Indigenous girl and was brought back to Europe; She made the English believe Native Americans weren't that bad but also lost her own identity. Also named Matoaka or Amoute

Definition of Indigenous

Someone native to an area

Definition of Native Americans

People who were here before Europeans

Definition of Heredity

Physical traits that are passed down from generations

Definition of Tobacco

Plants used for smoking

Definition of Cash Crops

Plants that are grown and sold to make money

Definition of Indentured Servant

A slave until the debt is paid

Definition of Agriculture

The business of farming

Definition of Black Slavery

Black people having slaves

Definition of Chattel Slavery

Treating people as property or like cattle

Who was John Ralph?

The tobacco farm owner Pocahontas was forced to marry; He got extremely rich off of tobacco in Virginia because the English were addicted to the drug nicotine and tar. He stole the tobacco seeds from Asia without the knowledge of Spanish royalty. He also exploited Pocahontas.

Examples of Cash Crops

Cotton

Tobacco

Rice

Corn

Who was John Smith?

He made up false stories about Pocahontas and the natives

Who was Chief Powhatan?

He was the leader of a tribe near Jamestown, who helped the colonists. He is also Pocahontas's father.

Definition of Burgesses

Inhabitant of a town or borough with full citizen rights or parliament

Who was Lord Baltimore?

Founder of Maryland

Who was Squanto?

Member of the Patuxet tribe and helped the Pilgrims survive.

Definition of Separatists

People who separated from a bigger group into a smaller group

Definition of Pilgrims

People who travel to another place for religious reasons

Definition of Headrights

Legal grant of land given to settlers during European colonization in the Americas

What were the Massachusetts Bay Colonies?

Established by the Puritan church, who were told to either convert to the English church under Queen Elizabeth or leave the country during the winter. Wind blew them up both to Plymouth Rock rather than the destination of Jamestown, Virginia.

Definition of Starving Time

No food in unknown environment; All food was salted to be preserved in the past

Definition of Puritan

Someone who wanted reform purify the Church; They believed you must suffer in Earth to have a good afterlife.

Who started the Salem Witch Trials?

The Puritans started the trials because girls were being too happy and they believed something was wrong with them. A Haitian slave told them to act possessed and they did, so a local Sheriff put them through trials.

How was Thanksgiving created?

Indians taught Pilgrims how to survive and Pilgrims helped them fight a local rival tribe— So they had a celebratory feast

What was the holy experiment?

King Charles let William Penn create a colony across from the Charles settlement of New Jersey. However, that was settled by Puritans who didn't get along with the Quakers. So, Penn settled across the Delaware River with the agreement that the colony would be called Pennsylvania (Which he referred to as the holy experiment)

Definition of Slave

Person born in servitude

Definition of Enslaved

Person that was once free but was put into servitude

Definition of Debt

To owe someone money and cannot pay them back in full

Definition of Brainwashing

Changing one's personality or way of thinking— To be convinced you are a slave and not have any freedom of thought

Definition of Seasoning

Adjustment into slavery; Process conducted during the Atlantic Slave Trade for the purpose of breaking slaves— It took away the slaves identities to make them more likely to do what they're told

Definition of Mercantilism

1. Colonizing a new place

2. Taking its natural resources back to the mother country

3. Selling the resources for profit; Exchange of money

Why weren't white people enslaved?

Most africans were Islamic or Muslim; white people were Catholic and classified as thy brother in the bible— making them humans to other white people

Definition of Buckbreaking

Sexually abusing slaves in front of other slaves in order to assert dominance, often through rape or sexual molestation—

Came from Europe

What was the journey like to America for Africans?

Only 25% of Africans came to the US; The other 75% went to Central or South America. Because of sickness and long travel they were not delivered to Europe. They were put in the middle warehouse.

Europe sells products from America, African people bought by Europe is delivered and sold to America, the Caribbean stores them, and then America sends the products they make.

Examples of places Africans were sent

US

Cuba

Haiti

Dominican Republic

Puerto Rico

Brazil

Mexico

Were Indians brought to the US?

Some Indians were brought to the US, hence there was a presence of spices. When the enslavement of Africans were banned, Europeans turned to other sources.