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SHORT TERM MEMORY-MCQs
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STM
:
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Temporary storage (≈7 items), passive, short duration.
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WM
(Baddeley & Hitch, 1974):
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Active system that
stores & manipulates
info.
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Measuring STM & WM
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Digit Span Task
:
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Forward
: Repeat in same order → measures STM (≈7 items)
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Backward
: Repeat in reverse → needs WM (≈5 items)
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Strategies
: Chunking, patterns, visualization
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Baddeley’s Model of WM
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Phonological Loop
(
verbal/auditory
):
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“Inner voice” rehearses info
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Similarity Effect
: Similar sounds = worse recall
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Word Length Effect
: Short words = better recall
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Articulatory Suppression
: Talking disrupts memory
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Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad
(
visual/spatial
):
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Mental imagery, navigation, rotation
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Corsi Block Test
: Assesses this
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Central Executive
(
control system
):
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Directs attention, coordinates tasks
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Doesn’t store info itself
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Episodic Buffer
(
integration unit
):
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Combines info from loop, sketchpad, LTM
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Makes info meaningful
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Neural Correlates
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Phonological Loop
→ Broca’s & Wernicke’s areas
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Sketchpad
→ Occipital & Frontal cortices
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Central Executive
→ Prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate
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Episodic Buffer
→ Parietal lobe
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Serial Position Effects
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Primacy
: Better recall of early items (rehearsal → LTM)
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Recency
: Better recall of last items (still in STM)
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Interaction with
LTM
: Familiar words = easier to recall