stm

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50 Terms

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  • SHORT TERM MEMORY-MCQs
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  • STM:
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  • Temporary storage (≈7 items), passive, short duration.
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  • WM (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974):
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  • Active system that stores & manipulates info.
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Measuring STM & WM

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  • Digit Span Task:
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  • Forward: Repeat in same order → measures STM (≈7 items)
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  • Backward: Repeat in reverse → needs WM (≈5 items)
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  • Strategies: Chunking, patterns, visualization
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Baddeley’s Model of WM

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  • Phonological Loop (verbal/auditory):
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  • “Inner voice” rehearses info
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  • Similarity Effect: Similar sounds = worse recall
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  • Word Length Effect: Short words = better recall
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  • Articulatory Suppression: Talking disrupts memory
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  • Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad (visual/spatial):
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  • Mental imagery, navigation, rotation
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  • Corsi Block Test: Assesses this
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  • Central Executive (control system):
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  • Directs attention, coordinates tasks
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  • Doesn’t store info itself
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  • Episodic Buffer (integration unit):
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  • Combines info from loop, sketchpad, LTM
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  • Makes info meaningful
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Neural Correlates

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  • Phonological Loop → Broca’s & Wernicke’s areas
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  • Sketchpad → Occipital & Frontal cortices
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  • Central Executive → Prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate
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  • Episodic Buffer → Parietal lobe
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Serial Position Effects

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  • Primacy: Better recall of early items (rehearsal → LTM)
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  • Recency: Better recall of last items (still in STM)
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  • Interaction with LTM: Familiar words = easier to recall