Energy & Photosynthesis Exam Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to energy and photosynthesis as discussed in the lecture notes.

Why are photosynthetic organisms like algae so important?

They convert sunlight into energy-rich food molecules like glucose, essential for life.

What are the different types of energy transformations organisms carry out?

Energy is converted from one form to another, such as from potential energy in chemical bonds to kinetic energy.

How do plants and algae convert sunlight into energy-rich organic molecules?

Through photosynthesis, which captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.

What is the photosynthesis chemical equation?

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2.

Where does photosynthesis occur in eukaryotic cells?

In chloroplasts.

What is the main function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

To capture light energy during the 'photo' step of photosynthesis.

What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?

The light reactions and the Calvin cycle.

What happens during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Light energy is captured, water is split, and NADPH and ATP are produced.

What is carbon fixation?

The process of capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and incorporating it into organic molecules during photosynthesis.

What are autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food from sunlight (e.g., plants), while heterotrophs obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

What is biofuel?

A renewable fuel made from living organisms, including algae.

What is the energy efficiency of energy transformation processes?

No energy transfer is 100% efficient; some energy is always lost as heat.

Why is it necessary to continuously supply energy to biological systems?

Because energy transformations are not fully efficient, and some energy is lost as heat.

How do algal biofuels compare to fossil fuels in terms of sustainability?

Algal biofuels are considered more sustainable as they come from renewable sources and can help reduce CO2 emissions.