Unit 2 - Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Chapter 7

Chemical Bond

changes the identity of the original substances that were combined.

Chemical Reaction

whenever chemical bonds are formed or broken

Reactants

substances that interact with one another in a chemical reaction

Product

the result of a chemical reaction

Enzymes

molecules that affect the rate of chemical reactions

Four types of chemical reactions

combination, decomposition, combustion, and displacement

combination reaction

two or more atoms form a molecule

Atom A + Atom B = Molecule AB

decomposition reaction

complex molecule is broken down into simpler atoms or molecules

Molecule AB → Atom A + Atom B

combustion reaction

reactions where reactants must include a molecule and oxygen

the reaction will always produce the same products: carbon dioxide and water

what will always happen in a combustion reaction when a hydrocarbon is present as a reactant?

displacement reaction

a reactant element replaces another reactant element atom within a compound/molecule

Molecule AB + Molecule CD → Molecule AD + Molecule CB

Activation Energy

the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

it ensures that an organism can control when chemical reactions occur

what does the requirement of activation energy ensure?

They make the requirement lower

.How do enzymes affect the activation energy requirement?

they use them to trigger chemical reactions

What do organisms use enzymes for?

enzymes

proteins that act as biological catalysts

catalysts and regulators

What are the two terms that enzymes are often referred to as?

the organism will most likely die

What happens when an organism’s enzymes cannot function properly?

Enzymes are necessary for the functions of organisms, and they can only function perfectly in the right environment.

What is the importance of enzymes and how do they function?