Factors Affecting Solubility and Solution Types

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to solubility, solution types, and relevant equations from the lecture notes.

Solubility

The ability of a substance (solute) to dissolve in a solvent.

Saturated solution

Contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure.

Unsaturated solution

Any solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature.

Supersaturated solution

Contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature.

Mass percent

The mass of the solute divided by the total mass of the solution multiplied by 100.

Dilution

The process of adding solvent to lower the concentration of solute in a solution.

Dilution equation

M1V1=M2V2, used to calculate concentrations in solutions.

Neutralization reaction

A reaction in which an acid and a base react in an aqueous solution to produce a salt and water.

Colloid

A mixture containing small, undissolved particles that do not settle out.

Suspension

A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration.

Tyndall effect

The scattering of a light beam as it passes through a colloid or suspension.

Factors affecting solubility of a solid in liquid

Temperature.

Factors affecting solubility of a gas in liquid

Pressure.

Factors that inversely affect solubility of a gas in liquid

Agitation and temperature.

Factors affecting rate of dissolving of a solid in liquid

Agitation, temperature, and surface area.

Factors directly affecting rate of dissolving of a gas in liquid

Pressure.

Factors inversely affecting rate of dissolving of a gas in liquid

Agitation and temperature.