Key Figures in Policing and Criminology

These flashcards cover key figures and theories in the fields of policing and criminology, providing definitions and contexts for better understanding.

Sir Robert Peele

Father of modern policing; focused on crime prevention and organizational structure.

Henry Fielding

Appointed as Magistrate of London; organized the Bow Street Runners.

August Vollmer

Father of American Police professionalism; advocated for higher education for police officers.

O.W. Wilson

Father of the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics; initiated police training programs and psychological testing.

John Augustus

Father of probation.

Zebulon Brockway

Considered the father of U.S. parole.

Dr. Benjamin Rush

Father of prison reform in the U.S.

Alexander Maconochie

Considered the father of parole.

Jeremy Bentham

Developed the panoptical design and introduced the concept of utilitarianism.

John Howard

Father of prison reform in England.

Cesare Beccaria

Considered the father of the Classical School of Criminology.

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Authored the first book 'On Crime and Punishment'.

Clifford Shaw & Henry McKay

Known for Social Disorganization theory.

William Sheldon

Introduced somatotyping.

Edwin Sutherland

Developed Differential Association Theory/Social Learning.

Robert Merton

Known for Strain Theory (Anomie).

Gresham Sykes & David Matza

Developed Neutralization Theory/Techniques of Neutralization.

Gabriel Tarde

Authored 'The Laws of Imitation'.

Travis Hirschi

Developed Social Bond Theory.

Walter Reckless

Known for the Containment Theory.

Edwin Lemert

Known for Labeling Theory.

Robert Park & Ernest Burgess

Developed Concentric Zone Theory.