Wave Mechanics and Stationary Waves

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A set of vocabulary flashcards focusing on concepts related to stationary waves, wave frequency, and the relationships between different parameters affecting wave behavior.

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22 Terms

1
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Stationary Wave

A wave that stores, but does not transfer, energy.

2
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Formation of Stationary Waves

Occurs when two waves with the same wavelength traveling in opposite directions interfere and undergo superposition.

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Node

A point of zero displacement in a standing wave where two waves in antiphase destructively interfere.

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Antinode

A point of maximum displacement in a standing wave where two waves in phase constructively interfere.

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Fundamental Frequency Arrangement

At its fundamental frequency, a standing wave has one central antinode and a single node at each end.

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Vibration Generator

Apparatus used to generate a wave in a piece of string.

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Bridge

A triangular prism-shaped object that alters the length of the oscillating region of the string.

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Signal Generator Stabilization

The signal generator needs to be operated for several minutes to stabilize the frequency.

9
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Counterweight or G-Clamp

Device added to the clamp stand to prevent it from toppling over during experiments.

10
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String Length and Frequency Relationship

There is an inverse relationship: as string length increases, the frequency of the first harmonic decreases.

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Mass per Unit Length Effect on the first harmonic

As mass per unit length increases, the frequency of the first harmonic decreases.

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Tension Effect on Frequency

As tension in the string increases, the frequency of the first harmonic also increases.

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How can String Tension be varied

Tension can be varied by attaching a mass hanger to the end of the string.

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Safety Precautions for Mass Hangers

Never stand directly under a mass hanger; use a padded bucket below to catch falling masses.

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Tension Calculation

T=mg

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Measuring Mass per Unit Length

Measure the mass of a long piece of string and divide by the string’s length.

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Advantage of Long String in Measurement

Lower percentage uncertainty in the measurement when using a longer piece of string.

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Doubling Frequency Effect

Changing the frequency to double that of the first harmonic results in the string resonating in its second harmonic.

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Wave Speed Equation

v = f𝜆, which expresses wave speed as the product of frequency and wavelength.

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Wavelength in Fundamental Mode

Wavelength (𝜆) is equal to 2 times the length of the oscillating string (𝜆 = 2L).

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What graph is plotted and how is wave speed determined from it

  • Graph of 1/f against L

  • Gradient of the graph will be 1/fL.

  • Wave speed is given by 2fL for the fundamental mode so is given by 2/gradient.

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Gradient of 1/f vs L Graph

The wave speed is given by 2fL, where f is frequency and L is length.