Equine: Infectious Diseases

Equine Infectious Anemia

Swamp fever, Coggin’s Disease

Lentivirus, Retroviridae

Agent of Equine Infectious Anemia

Equine Infectious Anemia

Fever, lethargy, inappetence, thrombocytopenia, anemia

Equine Influenza

Flu

Influenza virus A-Eq2 (H3N8), Orthomyxovirus)

Agents of Equine Influenza

Quarantine for 14 days

Prevention of Equine Influenza

Strangles

Distemper

Streptococcus equi sbsp. equi

Agent of Strangles

Direct and Indirect Contact

Transmission of Strangles

3 weeks quarantine, Bacterial Screening

Prevention of Strangles

Surra

Trypanosomosis

Trypanosoma evansi

Surra

Flies as vectors

Transmission of Surra

Segregation, quarantine, vector control

Prevention of Surra

Tetanus

Lockjaw

Clostridium tetani

Agent of tetanus

Symptoms of Tetanus

Ears held pricked up, Tail held out stiff, Paralysis of breathing muscles, stiff legged gait

Equine Infectious anemia, Equine Influenza, Strangles, Surra, Equine Rabies Tetanus

Enumerate Infectious Diseases (6)

Colic

Any abdominal pain with wide varying etiologies and severity

Colic

1.Dilated wall of intestine (gas, fluid or ingesta)

2.Intestinal displacement

3.Severe twisting of the intestine

4.Enteritis and peritonitis

Enteritis, Peritonitis

Diseases associated with Colic

Lameness

Any abnormal gait

Behaviour Changes

not just gait changes, can cause lameness in horse due to pain in the neck, withers, shoulders, back, loin, hips, legs, or feet.

Causes of Lameness

•Trauma

•Infections

•Acquired abnormalities (contracted tendons)

•Congenital conditions (Osteochonditis dessicans)

•Problems of tendons, ligaments and joints

•Metabolic, circulatory and nervous system abnormalities (Wobbler syndrome)

Osteochonditis dessicans

Congenital conditions

Wobbler syndrome

Metabolic, Circulatory, and Nervous System abnormalities

Passive, Active

Lameness examination

Passive examination

Observation at stall for obvious signs

Passive Examination

Muscle Atrophy

Active Examination

Watching the horse walk and trot

Active Examination

With Rider

Deworming

Minimize internal parasites, Prevent Reinfection

Large and small strongyles

Adult Horses

Strongyles and ascarids

Foal

Interval deworming, Strategic deworming, Daily deworming

•Three programs proven effective in controlling internal parasites

Interval deworming

every 8 weeks or less

Fast Schedule

Dewormer is change each time it is given. Prevent anthelmintic resistance

Slow Schedule

Same dewormer is used every 2 months

2 weeks of age

When to deworm foals?

Ivermectin, Oxibendazole, Pyrantel pamoate

Dewormer for Foals

Within 12 hours of foaling

When do you deworm Mares?

Strategic Deworming

•Deworm the animal at certain time of the year when feecal egg count rise

Before start of rainy season

In strategic deworming, First dewormer is

Strategic Deworming

•Control parasites, reduce cost, labor and likelihood of producing drug-resistant worms

Continuous or Daily Deworming

•Risk of low levels of dewormer may lead to development of drug-resistant worms

Pyrantel Tartrate

Dewormer used in Continuous Deworming

Tetanus, Influenza

Minimal Recommended Vaccination in the Philippines

Rhinopneumonitis, Strangles, Rabies

Situation-dependent Vaccination in the Philippines

Poor 1

Horse is extremely emaciated

Poor 1

The back bone, ribs, hipbones, and tailhead project prominently.

Poor 1

Bone structure of the withers, shoulders, and neck easily noticeable

Thin 3

Fat built up about halfway on vertebrae.

Slight fat layer can be felt over ribs, but ribs easily discernible.

The tail head is evident, but individual vertebrae cannot be seen.

The hipbones cannot be seen, but withers, shoulder and neck are emphasized.

Moderate 5

•Back is level.

•Ribs can be felt, but not easily seen. Fat around tailhead beginning to feel spongy.

•Withers are rounded and shoulders and neck blend smoothly into the body.

Fleshy 7

•A crease is seen down the back.

•Individual ribs can be felt, but noticeable filling between the ribs with fat.

•Fat around tail head is soft.

•Noticeable fat deposited along the withers, behind the shoulders, and along the neck.

Extremely Fat 9

•Obvious crease down back.

•Fat is in patches over the rib area, with bulging fat over tail head, withers, neck and behind shoulders.

•Fat along inner buttocks may rub together.

•Flank is filled in flush with the barrel of the body.