Axial Skeleton

Anatomy

Sutures

Immovable joint that form the boundaries between the cranial bones.

4 Sutures

Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid

Paranasal Sinuses

Air filled chambers that open into the nasal cavities.

4 Paranasal Sinuses

Frontal, Ethmoidal, Sphenoidal, Maxillary

What do Paranasal Sinuses help do?

Humidify and Warm Air

Fontanelles

“Soft Spots” of the fetal skull

4 Fontanelles

Sphenoidal, Mastoid, Anterior, Posterior

Vertebra prominens (C7)

Vertebra has a much larger and longer spinous

process that can be felt when palpated, and is usually

situated between the shoulder blades

Intervertebral foramen

contains the spinal nerves between two

vertebrae

Supraorbital foramen of the frontal bone

Nasal Bone

Lesser Wing of Sphenoid Bone

Optic Foramen of the Sphenoid Bone

Foramen Rotundum of the Sphenoid Bone

Parietal Bone

Greater Wing of the Sphenoid Bone

Sella Turcica of the Sphenoid Bone

Foramen Ovale of the Sphenoid Bone

Foramen Spinosum of the Sphenoid Bone

Foramen lacerum of the sphenoid bone

Inferior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone

Lateral plate of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid

bone

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone

Pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone

Medial plate of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid

bone

Middle nasal concha of the ethmoid bone 

Crista galli of the ethmoid bone 

Inferior nasal concha

Temporal process of the zygomatic bone

Alveolar processes of the maxilla bone

Incisive foramen of the maxilla bone

Ramus of the mandible

Lacrimal groove/ nasolacrimal canal

Infraorbital foramen of the maxilla bone 

Palatine process of the maxilla bone 

Body of mandible bone 

Alveolar processes of the mandible 

Angle of the mandible

Coronoid process of the mandible

Mandibular notch

Squamous region of the temporal bone

Mastoid process of the temporal bone

Mental foramen of the mandible 

Mandibular condyle/ condylar process of the

mandible

Zygomatic process of the temporal bone 

Styloid process of the temporal bone 

External acoustic meatus/ auditory meatus of the

temporal bone

Petrous part of the temporal bone

Carotid canal of the temporal bone

Internal acoustic/auditory meatus of the temporal

bone

Hypoglossal canal of the occipital bone

Occipital condyles

Jugular foramen of the temporal bone 

Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone 

Foramen magnum of the occipital bone 

External occipital protuberance and crest 

Horizontal plate of the palatine bone 

Vomer

Lamina

Transverse process

Articular processes

(superior and inferior)

Body

Transverse foramen of cervical vertebra

Pedicle 

Spinous process 

Vertebral foramen 

Cervical vertebra

7 bones 

Atlas (C1) 

Axis (C2)

Lumbar vertebra

5 bones

Coccyx

2-3 (fused) bones

Odontoid process (dens) 

Intervertebral disks 

Thoracic vertebra

12 bones 

Sacrum

5 (fused) bones

Temporal Process of Zygomatic Bone

Foramen Rotundum of Sphenoid Bone

Optic Canal

Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid Bone

Foramen Spinosum of Sphenoid Bone

Petrous Part of Temporal Bone

Occipital Condyle of Occipital Bone

Jugular Foramen of Temporal Bone

Transverse Process

Spinous Process

Vertebral Foramen

Manubrium

Tubercle of Rib

Cervical Vertebrae

Pedicle

Costal Notch

Thoracic vertebrae

Lumbar Vertebrae