Ant Test 1 Semester 1 All Quizlets combined

Adenoma

Origin: Benign Glandular epithelium tissue

Adenocarcinoma

Origin: Malignant Glandular epithelium tissue

Papilloma

Origin: Benign Squamous epithelium tissue

Squamous cell carcinoma

Origin: Malignant Squamous epithelium tissue

Leiomyoma

Origin: Benign Conective tissue smooth muscle

Leiomyosarorma

Origin: Malignant Conective tissue smooth muscle

Leukemia

Origin: Malignant Hematopoietic tissue

Lymphoma

Origin: Malignant lymphoreticular tissue

Neuroma

Origin: Benign Neural tissue

Blastoma

Origin: Malignant Neural tissue

Occipital

Temporal

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

Parietal

frontal

Nasal Bones Lateral

Lacrimal (2)

Maxilla (2)

Palatine (2)

Zygoma (2)

Inferior Nasal Conchae(2)

Vomer (1)

Mandible (1)

malleus (2)

incus (2)

stapes

lingual/hyoid bone

manubrium

body of sternum

xiphoid process

carpals

metacarpals

phalanges

illium

ischium

pubis

tarsals

metatarsals

Cell

The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles.

Nucleolus

A structure within the nucleus that is involved in the production of ribosomes.

Organelle

Specialized structures within a cell that have specific functions.

Mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Germ Cells

Cells involved in sexual reproduction, such as oocytes and spermatozoa.

Somatic Cells

Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.

Plasma Membrane

The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A network of membranes found throughout the cell and involved in protein synthesis.

Mitochondria

Organelles responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that processes and packages proteins.

Peroxisomes

Organelles containing enzymes that help break down fatty acids and amino acids.

Lysosomes

Organelles responsible for digestion and waste removal within the cell.

Nucleus

The central organelle that contains the cell's DNA and controls its activities.

Nuclear Membrane

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and controls the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus.

Cell Cycle

The series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and DNA is replicated. Chromosomes replicate in this phase

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm following mitosis, resulting in two daughter cells.

G0 Phase

A resting phase where cells are not actively dividing.

what organelle is responsible for protien synthesis (site of protien synthesis)

ribosomes

whats the process of protein synthesis

ribosomes read the mRNA and translate the genetic code to amino acids strings, then chains and then protiens

what part of the cell is the main target for radiation exposure

nucleus, contains dna that defines cellular metabolism

prophase

what phase do chromotid condense into visible chromosomes

prophase

what phase do chromatids become attached at the centromere?

prophase

what phase do spindle fibers appear

prophase

what ohase do the nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear

metaphase

what phase do spinle fibers attach to each chromatid and chromosomes align across the center of the cell

anaphase

which phase do centromeres break apart, chromosomes move away from the center and the cleavage furrow appears

telophase

which phase does the nuclerar envelope and both nuclei appear, which phase do the cytoplasm and organelles divide equally, and it the end of cell division

what is one of the initial theories concerning the mechanism by which radiation kills cells

Lysosomes play a big role, agents are capable of altering the permeability of the lysosome membrane, causing release of the enzymes

what part cell cycle involves gene p53(guardian angel gene)

G1

what part of cell cycle is most radiosensitive

G2 phase and M phase

what part of cell cycle is most radioresistant

S phase

Which phase of the somatic cell cycle are ribonucleic acid and proteins synthesized?

G1 phase

what part of interphase is dna synthesized

S phase

which part of bone plays a role in metastic spread

periosteum

part of bone are commonly involved in osteosarcoma

metaphysis

common location of osteosarcoma

long bones of extremities (knee joint) jaws

part of bone commonly involved in chondrosarcoma

diaphysis or metaphysis

common location of chondrosarcoma

pelvis, ribs, vertebra, long bones (proximal part)

common location of Ewing sarcoma

long bone, may be multiple

part of bone commonly involved in Ewing sarcoma

diaphysis

Oral cavity (Common Histology)

Squamous cell carcinoma

Pharynx (Common Histology)

Squamous cell carcinoma

Lung (Common Histology) (commonly centrally located)

Squamous cell carcinoma

Breast (Common Histology)

invasive/Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Colon and rectum (Common Histology)

Adenocarcinoma

Anus (Common Histology)

Squamous cell carcinoma

Cervix/vagina/vulva (Common Histology)

Squamous cell carcinoma

Endometrium/ uterine (Common Histology)

Adenocarcinoma

Prostate (Common Histology)

Adenocarcinoma

Brain (Common Histology)

Astrocytoma

carcinomas spread by way of the

blood and lymphatics

sarcomas spread by way of

the blood and often metastasis in lungs

bladder

6500cGy

femoral head

5200cGy

heart

4,000 cGy

eye lens

500-1000cGy

rectum

6000 cGy