Temperature and Thermal Expansion
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Flashcards from lecture notes on temperature, thermal expansion, and thermodynamics principles.
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63 Terms
Temperature
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Thermal Energy
Energy that comes from the temperature of matter; it comes from the movement of particles in an object.
Thermal Equilibrium
The state in which two bodies in contact do not exchange energy; they have reached the same temperature.
Absolute Zero
The lowest possible temperature, 0 K, where all molecular motion stops.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Coefficient of Linear Expansion
A measure of how much a material expands per degree of temperature increase.
Thermal Expansion
The increase in size or volume of a substance as its temperature increases.
Fahrenheit Scale
A temperature scale where the freezing point of water is 32°F and boiling point is 212°F.
Celsius Scale
A temperature scale where the freezing point of water is 0°C and boiling point is 100°C.
Kelvin Scale
An absolute temperature scale starting from absolute zero, where 0 K equals -273.15°C.
Thermal Stress
Mechanical stress that develops in a material due to temperature changes.
Ideal Gas Law
A relation among the pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas, usually expressed as PV=nRT.
Avogadro's Number
6.02 x 10²³, the number of particles in one mole of a substance.
Kinetic Theory of Gases
A theory that describes gases as composed of many particles in random motion.
Mole
A unit of measurement for amount of substance, defined as containing 6.02 x 10²³ entities.
Thermometers
Instruments used to measure temperature, based on the physical properties that change with temperature.
Heat Transfer
The process of thermal energy moving from a hotter object to a cooler one.
Temperature
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Thermal Energy
Energy that comes from the temperature of matter; it comes from the movement of particles in an object.
Thermal Equilibrium
The state in which two bodies in contact do not exchange energy; they have reached the same temperature.
Absolute Zero
The lowest possible temperature, 0 K, where all molecular motion stops.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Coefficient of Linear Expansion
A measure of how much a material expands per degree of temperature increase.
Thermal Expansion
The increase in size or volume of a substance as its temperature increases.
Fahrenheit Scale
A temperature scale where the freezing point of water is 32°F and boiling point is 212°F.
Celsius Scale
A temperature scale where the freezing point of water is 0°C and boiling point is 100°C.
Kelvin Scale
An absolute temperature scale starting from absolute zero, where 0 K equals -273.15°C.
Thermal Stress
Mechanical stress that develops in a material due to temperature changes.
Ideal Gas Law
A relation among the pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas, usually expressed as PV=nRT.
Avogadro's Number
6.02 x 10²³, the number of particles in one mole of a substance.
Kinetic Theory of Gases
A theory that describes gases as composed of many particles in random motion.
Mole
A unit of measurement for amount of substance, defined as containing 6.02 x 10²³ entities.
Thermometers
Instruments used to measure temperature, based on the physical properties that change with temperature.
Heat Transfer
The process of thermal energy moving from a hotter object to a cooler one.
Conduction
Heat transfer through direct contact between particles, without macroscopic movement of the material itself.
Convection
Heat transfer involving the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) carrying thermal energy.
Radiation
Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves, which does not require a medium.
Temperature
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Thermal Energy
Energy that comes from the temperature of matter; it comes from the movement of particles in an object.
Thermal Equilibrium
The state in which two bodies in contact do not exchange energy; they have reached the same temperature.
Absolute Zero
The lowest possible temperature, 0 K, where all molecular motion stops.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Coefficient of Linear Expansion
A measure of how much a material expands per degree of temperature increase.
Thermal Expansion
The increase in size or volume of a substance as its temperature increases.
Fahrenheit Scale
A temperature scale where the freezing point of water is 32°F and boiling point is 212°F.
Celsius Scale
A temperature scale where the freezing point of water is 0°C and boiling point is 100°C.
Kelvin Scale
An absolute temperature scale starting from absolute zero, where 0 K equals -273.15°C.
Thermal Stress
Mechanical stress that develops in a material due to temperature changes.
Ideal Gas Law
A relation among the pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas, usually expressed as PV=nRT.
Avogadro's Number
6\.02 x 10²³, the number of particles in one mole of a substance.
Kinetic Theory of Gases
A theory that describes gases as composed of many particles in random motion.
Mole
A unit of measurement for amount of substance, defined as containing 6.02 x 10²³ entities.
Thermometers
Instruments used to measure temperature, based on the physical properties that change with temperature.
Heat Transfer
The process of thermal energy moving from a hotter object to a cooler one.
Conduction
Heat transfer through direct contact between particles, without macroscopic movement of the material itself.
Convection
Heat transfer involving the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) carrying thermal energy.
Radiation
Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves, which does not require a medium.
Ideal Gas Law Formula
PV=nRT
Where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature.
Linear Thermal Expansion Formula
\Delta L = L_0 \alpha \Delta T
Where \Delta L is the change in length, L_0 is the original length, \alpha is the coefficient of linear expansion, and \Delta T is the change in temperature.
Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion
TF = \frac{9}{5}TC + 32
Where TF is temperature in Fahrenheit and TC is temperature in Celsius.
Fahrenheit to Celsius Conversion
TC = \frac{5}{9}(TF - 32)
Where TC is temperature in Celsius and TF is temperature in Fahrenheit.
Celsius to Kelvin Conversion
TK = TC + 273.15
Where TK is temperature in Kelvin and TC is temperature in Celsius.
Kelvin to Celsius Conversion
TC = TK - 273.15
Where TC is temperature in Celsius and TK is temperature in Kelvin.
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