Biology Quiz - Organic and Inorganic molecules

Only use for multiple choice (answer for definition)

How many elements are essential to life?

25 elements

Which elements make up 96% of the body?

Four elements-oxygen (O), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N).

What elements make up 4% of the body?

Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and a few other elements.

Most compounds found in organisms

Complex compounds of at least three or four elements

What does carbon do?

Can form up to 4 bonds with other atoms. They are the major components of the second majorly present molecules in the body other than water (H20).

What are elements?

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means.

What is Matter defined as?

Anything that occupies space and has mass

What are trace elements?

Elements that make up less than 0.01% of the body

(e.g., iodine, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, boron, cobalt, nickel, lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, and selenium)

What are organic molecules (biomolecules)?

Most molecules made up of carbon.

What are inorganic molecules?

non-carbon-based molecules such as water, oxygen, and ammonia

What are monomers?

Molecules that make up the large molecules in the body

What are polymers

Large molecules made from monomers

What are carbohydrates?

Short-term energy, CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 1:2:1 ratio).

In grains, fruits, and vegetables.

Monomer: monosaccaride

Examples: sugar and starches

What are lipids?

Long-term energy storage, insulation (neuro cells and thermal), cell membrane (phospholipids), CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen).

In oils, avocados, etc.

Monomer: 1 Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acids

Examples: fat, blubber, and wax.

What are proteins?

Structural building blocks of organisms, skin, hair, eyes, nails, cells, antibodies, enzymes, protein channels, receptors, etc. CHON (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen).

In meat, fish, beans, etc.

Monomers: Amino Acids

Examples: Muscles

What are nucleic acids?

Stores and carries genetic information, CHONP (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus).

Inside the places where genetic materials are held (viruses, cell nucleus, bacteria nucleoid)

Monomers: Nucleotide

Examples: DNA and RNA

Dehydration Synthesis

Releases water, creates monomers into polymers (e.g., glucose —> maltose)

Hydrolysis

Uses water, breaks down polymers into monomers.