MODULE 9. BIODIVERSITY AND THE HEALTHY SOCIETY

Term used to define the world's top biodiversity-rich countries.

Megadiversity

Number of countries identified as megadiverse.

17

This North American nation is one of the 17 megadiverse countries.

The United States

This North American country, known for its unique ecosystems, is a megadiverse nation.

Mexico

This South American country is one of the 17 megadiverse countries.

Colombia

This South American nation located on the equator is a megadiverse country.

Ecuador

This South American country, home to part of the Amazon rainforest, is megadiverse.

Peru

This South American country with significant biodiversity is a megadiverse nation.

Venezuela

This African nation, rich in wildlife, is one of the 17 megadiverse countries.

Democratic Republic of Congo

This South American country houses a large portion of the Amazon and is megadiverse.

Brasil

This South Asian country with high biological variety is a megadiverse nation.

India

This Southeast Asian country is one of the 17 megadiverse countries.

Malaysia

This Southeast Asian archipelago nation is a megadiverse country.

Indonesia

This island nation off the coast of Africa is a megadiverse country.

Madagascar

This African nation at the continent's southern tip is a megadiverse country.

South Africa

This country and continent is one of the 17 megadiverse countries.

Australia

This large East Asian nation is a megadiverse country.

China

This Southeast Asian archipelago is one of the 17 megadiverse countries.

The Philippines

This country occupying the eastern half of New Guinea is a megadiverse nation.

Papua New Guinea

The concept is used to highlight awareness to conservation issues around the world.

Megadiversity

The criteria to qualify as a megadiverse country.

Have at least 5,000 endemic plants and have a marine ecosystem within the borders

The environmental non-profit that states 70% of the world’s flora and fauna exist in only 17 countries.

Conservation International

The proportion of the surface of the earth that the 17 megadiverse nations comprise.

Just under 10%

The top megadiverse country in terms of environmental degradation and species loss.

The Philippines

The variety of life on Earth and the essential interdependence of all living things.

Biodiversity

The "Bio" in Biodiversity means this.

Life

The "Diversity" in Biodiversity means this.

Variety

The three components of biodiversity.

Diversity of genes, Diversity of number of species, Variety of ecosystems

This component of biodiversity is demonstrated by different dog breeds like Chihuahuas and beagles.

Diversity of genes

A group of organisms of similar individuals that are capable of interbreeding.

Species

This component of biodiversity is demonstrated by the existence of monkeys, dragonflies, and cats.

Diversity of number of species

This component of biodiversity includes examples like lakes, ponds, deserts, and coral reefs.

Variety of ecosystems

The field of Biology that deals with classifying organisms.

Taxonomy

The father of Modern Taxonomy.

Carolus Linnaeus

The hierarchy of biological classification.

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

The family that includes the housecat, tigers, lions, jaguar, leopard, cheetah, and lynx.

Felidae

The international organization established on 5 October 1948, in Fontainebleau, France.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

The IUCN's mission.

To influence, encourage and assist global societies to conserve nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable

The year the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species was founded.

1964

The IUCN Red List category where there is no doubt that the last individual has died.

Extinct (EX)

The IUCN Red List category where the only living individuals are in captivity or were born in captivity.

Extinct in the Wild (EW)

The IUCN Red List category for a taxon with an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

Critically Endangered (CR)

The IUCN Red List category for a taxon with a very high risk of extinction in the wild.

Endangered (EN)

The IUCN Red List category for a taxon with a high risk of extinction in the wild.

Vulnerable (VU)

The IUCN Red List category for a taxon that is not currently threatened but is likely to become so.

Near Threatened (NT)

The IUCN Red List category for a taxon that is widespread and abundant.

Least Concern (LC)

The IUCN Red List category when a taxon has been well studied but there is not enough information to assess its risk.

Data Deficient (DD)

The IUCN Red List category for a taxon that has not been studied for its risk category.

Not Evaluated (NE)

A biological community that includes all living things interacting in a certain area with non-living things.

Ecosystem

The physical and chemical description of where a creature lives.

Habitat

The importance of biodiversity based on the belief that every form of life is unique and warrants respect.

Ethical and moral values

The importance of biodiversity derived from the enjoyment humans get from the natural environment.

Aesthetic value

The importance of biodiversity that contributes to our material well-being, like food and medicine.

Utilitarian values

The importance of biodiversity in maintaining the integrity of the environment and biochemical cycles.

Ecological values

The two conservationists who identified biodiversity hotspots.

Norman Myers and Russell Mittermeier

Areas that contain at least 1,500 endemic species and have lost at least 70% of their habitat.

Biodiversity hotspots

The proportion of the world's most threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians housed in biodiversity hotspots.

Three-quarters (3/4)

The American evolutionary biologist who predicted the planet loses approximately 27,000 species per year.

Edward O. Wilson

A pressure on biodiversity involving the clearing of natural environments.

Habitat destruction

A pressure on biodiversity from non-native species.

Species introductions/invasive alien species

A pressure on biodiversity from changing weather patterns.

Global climate change

An illegal activity that threatens biodiversity.

Illegal wildlife trade

The Philippine law known as the "Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act".

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9147

A key objective of Republic Act 9147.

To conserve and protect wildlife species and their habitats to promote ecological balance and enhance biological diversity

The Philippine law also known as the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992.

Republic Act 7586

The main purpose of the NIPAS Act.

To maintain essential ecological processes, preserve genetic diversity, and ensure sustainable use of resources in protected areas

A category of protected area under NIPAS characterized by minimal human disturbance.

Strict nature reserve

A category of protected area under NIPAS intended for public recreation and enjoyment.

Natural park

A category of protected area under NIPAS designated to protect wildlife.

Wildlife sanctuary

Refers to species or subspecies that is not critically endangered but whose survival in the wild is unlikely.

Endangered species

Refers to species that are likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future.

Threatened species

Refers to species or subspecies that is under threat from adverse factors and is likely to move to the endangered category.

Vulnerable species

Refers to species or subspecies which is naturally occurring and found only within specific areas in the country.

Endemic species

Refers to species or subspecies which do not occur naturally in the country.

Exotic species

The Philippines is considered this among the 17 megadiverse countries.

The smallest

The number of species of plants and animals recorded existing in the Philippines.

24,000

The number of plant species documented in the Philippines.

7,620

The number of these plant species that are presumed to be endemic to the Philippines.

5,382

The Philippines' world rank in terms of plant diversity.

5th

The Philippines' world rank in terms of bird endemism.

4th

The Philippines' world rank in terms of mammalian and reptilian endemism.

5th

The percentage of the world's flora for which the Philippines is home.

5%

The number of threatened species in the Philippines, making it a key conservation site.

Over 700

The number of butterfly species in the Philippines.

895

The number of endemic butterfly species in the Philippines.

352

The Philippines' world rank in terms of butterfly species endemicity.

Second

The number of mammalian species in the Philippines.

183

The number of endemic mammalian species in the Philippines.

120

The Philippines' world rank in terms of mammalian endemicity.

Fifth

The number of reptilian species in the Philippines.

258

The number of endemic reptilian species in the Philippines.

170

The Philippines' world rank in terms of reptilian endemicity.

Eighth

The number of amphibian species in the Philippines.

171

The percentage of amphibian species in the Philippines that are endemic.

78%

The number of bird species endemic to the Philippines.

237

The number of fish species in Philippines waters.

2,117

The number of endemic freshwater fish species in the Philippines.

330

The number of known coral species in the world.

800+

The number of coral species found in the Philippines.

500

The number of mangrove species in the world.

54