Chapters 23-26

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52 Terms

1
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Taft-Hartley Act (1947)

Outlawed "closed" (all-union) shops, made unions liable for damages from disputes, and required non-communist oaths for union leaders.

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Civil Rights (Executive Order 9981)

Abolished racial discrimination in the U.S. Armed Forces, leading to desegregation.

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GI Bill

Provided educational and financial benefits to WWII veterans.

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Emergence of the Sunbelt

South & Southwest migration due to central air conditioning.

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Levittown and suburbia

Mass-produced homes in suburban communities.

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Baby Boom

Surge in births post-WWII, adding 50 million to the population.

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Dr

Pediatrician and author guiding child-rearing practices post-WWII.

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Truman’s Loyalty Program

Required loyalty checks for federal employees to prevent communist affiliations.

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The Fair Deal

Initiatives to expand social welfare, civil rights, and affordable housing.

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Anti-Communist Crusade

Campaigns to raise awareness about communism domestically.

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Long Telegram by George Kennan

Advocated for toughness against Soviet nationalism.

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Truman Doctrine

Provided aid to countries threatened by communism.

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Marshall Plan

Economic assistance to rebuild war-torn Europe and prevent communism.

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National Security Act

Restructured U.S. military and intelligence agencies.

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Berlin Airlift

U.S. response to Soviet influence in Germany during the Berlin Crisis.

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Korean War

Conflict between North and South Korea supported by different powers.

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Warren Court

Supreme Court decisions expanding liberalism and ending segregation.

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Interstate Highway System

Network of highways for transportation and defense purposes.

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Duck & Cover

Civil defense campaign for protection during a nuclear attack.

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U-2 Incident

Spy plane incident heightening tensions during the Cold War.

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Great Society & Liberalism

Government intervention to promote social welfare.

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War on Poverty

Reduce poverty through programs like the Office of Economic Opportunity.

23
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Civil Rights Act (1964)

Outlawed segregation in public spaces and employment discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.

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Job Corps (1964)

Provided vocational training and employment opportunities for young people from disadvantaged backgrounds.

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Medicaid & Medicare (1965)

Medicaid for low-income individuals and families, Medicare for elderly and disabled individuals.

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Affirmative Action

Promoting equal opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups, considering factors like race in decision-making.

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Thurgood Marshall

Prominent civil rights lawyer and the first African American Supreme Court Justice.

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New Federalism

Offered federal "block grants" to states for spending as they saw fit, returning power and tax dollars to states and cities.

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Watergate Scandal

Illegal break-in at the Democratic National Committee offices in 1972 by Nixon's reelection campaign staff.

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Apollo 11 (1969)

Successfully landed the first humans on the moon, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin.

31
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Nixon Doctrine

Emphasized other countries taking more responsibility for defense, with the US providing support and assistance.

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Helsinki Accords

Signed in 1975 to improve relations between East and West during the Cold War and address human rights, security, and cooperation.

33
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)

Authorized the US president to take "all necessary measures" to repel armed attack in Vietnam. Only two senators voted against the blank check.

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Operation Rolling Thunder

A systematic bombing campaign against North Vietnam to provide a moral boost to South Vietnam forces.

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Educational Deferments, the draft

College students were exempted from the war draft, leading to the burden of fighting falling on the poor.

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Weapons used (napalm, Agent Orange)

US utilized napalm and Agent Orange to destroy forests and burn people's skin in Vietnam.

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Tet Offensive (1968) as a turning point

Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops launched uprisings in South Vietnam, impacting American confidence.

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My Lai Massacre (1968)

American troops killed 350 South Vietnamese civilians, directed by Lieutenant William Calley.

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Vietnamization

Policy where American troops would be withdrawn gradually while South Vietnamese soldiers took over the fighting.

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Pentagon Papers (1971)

Revealed government deception about the Vietnam War.

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Paris Peace Agreement (1973)

Negotiated settlement leading to the final withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam.

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Civil Rights Act (1964)

Prohibited discrimination in public places based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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Stonewall Riots

Spontaneous demonstrations by LGBTQ+ community members in response to a police raid at the Stonewall Inn in NYC in June 1969.

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Cesar Chavez & United Farm Workers

Advocates for Latino farmworkers' rights, improved working conditions, and better wages in agriculture.

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Delano grape strikes (1965 – 1970)

Led by Filipino American farmworkers to enhance working conditions and wages in California's grape industry.

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American Indian Movement (1968)

Advocated for Native American rights, including land rights and cultural preservation.

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Red Power Movement

Showed a sense of pan-Indian identity among American Indians in the late 1960s.

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Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962)

Raised awareness about the harmful effects of pesticides, especially DDT, on the environment and human health.

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Clean Air Act (1970)

Established air quality standards, regulated emissions, and promoted cleaner technologies.

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Warren Court (1953 – 1969)

A period marked by significant Supreme Court decisions like Brown v. Board of Education and Hernandez v. Texas.

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Gideon v

Ensured the right to an attorney for individuals who couldn't afford one.

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Loving v

Struck down state laws prohibiting interracial marriage.