APHG Unit 3 Vocab

Acculturation

Cultural modifications resulting from intercultural borrowing usually implying changes in an indigenous culture caused by the imposition of a technologically more advanced culture and a one-way transfer of culture traits.

Assimilation

The process by which immigrants acculturate into and are eventually absorbed into the mainstream society through increasing interaction over time, gradual merging of foreigners and natives, and loss of cultural traits.

Centrifugal Forces

Forces within a state that cause division among populations that live there.

Centripetal Forces

Forces within a state that cause unity among populations that live there.

Cultural Landscape

The visible record of values, tastes, fears, technologies, etc. that create the identity of a place in the human-built landscapte (buildings, structures).

Cultural Relativism

The idea that moral codes vary from culture to culture and that a person's beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based upon the context of that person's culture, rather than judged by the criteria of another cultural group.

Culture

Shared or learned behaviors of a group of people related to the immaterial (beliefs, values, knowledge, etc.) and material objects and possessions.

Dialects

Language variants based in pronunciation, spelling, grammar, that are spoken by entire groups of people and are geographically distinct from other groups.

Ethnic Neighborhoods

A voluntary community where people of similar origin reside by choie showing a desire to maintain group cohesiveness.

Ethnicity

People of a common ancestry or homeland and cultural tradition based in religion, beliefs, customs, and memories of migration or colonization.

Ethnocentrism

The practice of viewing other cultural groups in relation or compared to one ethnic group's moral values; the practice of viewing one's own cultural moral codes as verifiably correct and using them to judge cultural practices and beliefs of other groups based upon one's own.

Gender

Sociocultural attitudes and behaviors that shape behaviors, products, technologies, environments, and knowledges for a person.

Globalization

The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact.

Hearth

The location from which an innovation originates.

Imperialism

The practice of domination of one group of people over another through various forms like settlement, sovereignty, or indirect mechanism of control.

Language

A system of communication through the use of speech, collection of sounds and symbols, and understood by a group of people to have the same meaning.

Language Families

A collection of langauges related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history. Has the largest variety in grammar and vocabulary.

Lingua Franca

A language mutually understood and commonly used in communication by people who have different native languages; often used to facilitate trade.

Multiculturalism

The co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and is manifested in customary behaviors.

Syncretism

The union/blending of different systems of thought or belief.

Toponyms

The name given to a place that often reflects the culture of people living in a location. For example, San Jose reflects both the Spanish language and Catholic religious traditions of Spanish colonizers in the SW portions of the US.

Universalizing Religions

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people and, because of this, often has a wide geographic distribution.

Folk Culture

Small, cohesive, stable, isolated, nearly self-sufficient groups that are homogeneous in custom and race; strong family or clan structure, order maintained through sanctions based on religion or family, little division of labor except between the sexes, frequent interpersonal relationships, and material goods mainly of handmade goods.

Popular Culture

Widespread through heterogenous societies based in division of labor among professions, secular control of governance, weak interpersonal ties, cash economies, machine made goods, global transportation networks, and uban hierarchies.

Ethnic Religion

A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated. (Hinduism, Judaism)

Creolization

a language that develops when a pidgin language evolves into a fully-fledged, native language spoken by a community, typically formed by mixing elements of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the colonized people

Cultural Norms

shared beliefs, or values and the human behaviors that support these values within a given society, such as the standards of conduct that are met with social approval or disapproval. Cultural norms are the unspoken rules of society transmitted through conformity,internalization, and socialization. There are four different types of cultural norms. They are laws, folkways, mores, and taboos.

Pidgin Language

A simplified form of a lingua franca used for communication between two groups of people that speak different languages. Usually a blending of the two (ex.Spanglish)