combinedd , pharynx+palate+tongue

what form the hard palate

1) maxilla ( palatine process )

2) palatine bone (horizontal plate)

what continue posterior to the hard palate?

soft palate

what relations does hard palate form with cavities?

• floor of nasal cavity

• roof of oral cavity

is the hard palate covered?

yes, by mucous membrane

• with inf. median raphe and corrugations on both sides

is the soft palate covered?

yes , by mucous membrane

what the soft palate ends posteriolrly

uvula

what continue with the soft palate on both sides?

lateral walls of pharynx

contents of soft palate (easy)

• muscles

• palatine aponeurosis

• vessels

• nerves

• lymphoid tissue

WTF is palatine apponeurosis

fibrous sheet attached to post border of hard palate (just for support)

• it is an expanded tendon of tensor palati muscle

• give attachment to all palatine muscles

what also the palatine apponeurosis do

split to cover the musculus uvala muscle

does the palate contain muscles?

yes , in soft palate

tell me the names of soft palate muscles

• tensor palati

• levator palati

• palato-glossus

• palato-pharyngeus

• musculas uvala

nerve supply of muscles of soft palate

by cranial part of accessory nerve ( through pharyngeal plexus )

• EXEPT : tensor palati by trunk of mandibular nerve

action of tensor palati muscle

• tense the soft palate

• open the auditory tube

action of levator palati

• elevate the soft palate

• open the auditory tube

what auditory tube need to be open ?

to equalize the pressure between middle ear and nasopharynx

action of palato-glossus muscle

• deppress the palate

• elevate the root of the tonge

-narrow the oro-pharyngeal isthmus

action of palato-pharyngeous muscle

• elevate the pharynx

-narrow the naso-pharyngeal isthmus

action of musculus uvulae

retraction of uvala لورا

elevation of uvula لفوق

arterial supply of the palate

Greater palatine artery: branch from maxillary a.

2- Ascending palatine artery: branch from facial a.

3- Palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal a.

venous drainage of palat:

1- pterygoid plexus of veins

2- pharyngeal plexus of veins

lymphatic drainage of the palate

Hard palate : submandibular LN

Soft palate :

• upper deep cervical LN

• retro pharyngeal LN

motor nerve supply of the palate

all by cranial part of accesory n. exept tensor palati

sensory supply of palate

Hard palate :

• greater palatine artery

• naso palatine nerve

Soft palate :

• lesser palatine nerve

• glosso pharyngeal nerve

talk about the secretory motor fibers to the palatine glands (autonomic {involantery by ANS} )

draw the secretory motor fibers to the palatine glands (autonomic {involantery by ANS} )

TOUNGUE is consist of:

striated muscles with mucous membrane

parts of tongue

1) tip + root

2) dorsal surface (superior)]

3) ventral surface ((inferior)

dorsal surface of the tingue is seperated to ant and post parts by what ?

sulcus terminalis

what the apex of sulcus marked with?

foramen caecum

anterior 2/3 is covered by

papilae

posterior 1/3 is covered by:

lingual tonsils

what connect the ventral surface of tongue to the floor of the mouth

lingual frenulum

what structures are present on both sides of lingual frenalum ( from medial to lateral )

ANV

• lingual artery

• lingual nerve

• lingual vein

-then on medial on lingual vein there is the plica fimbriate

what sturcture is medial to lingual vein

plica fimbrate

what are the muscles of the tongue

• intrinsic for shape

• extrinsic for position

list the intrinsic tongue muscle

1) transverse m.

2) longitudinal m.

3) vertical m.

function of transvese m. of the tongue

narrowing of the tongue

function of the longuitudinal m. of the tongue

shortening ( point A )

function of the vertical m. of the tongue

thinning (point C)

what is the supply of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

hypoglossal nerve

list the external muscles of the tongue

• genio-glossus

• stylo-glossus

• hyoglossus

• palato-glossus

origin of geniogloussus muscle

superior genial tubercle

orgigin of styloglossus muscle

styloid proccess

origin of hyoglossus muscle

hyoid bone

origin of palatoglossus muscle

palatine apponeurosis

• it give origin to all muscles of soft palate

• palatoglossus muscle is in softpalate and also in the tongue as extrinsic muscle

insertion of all exctrinsic muscles of the tongue

tongue

nerve supply of extrinsic muscles of the tongue

hypoglossal nerve

• exept palatoglossus by cranial part of accesory nerve(it is a soft plate muscle)

action of genioglossus muscle

• depression of the tongue

• protraction of the tongue (protrusion outward)

action of styloglossus muscle

• elevation of the tongue

• retraction of tongue

action of hyoglossus muscle

• depression of the tongue

• NO PROTRUSION

action of palato-glossus muscle

• depresion of palate

• elevation of tongue

• narrowing the oro-pharyngeal isthmus

arterial supply of the tongue

1) lingual artery

2) acsending pharyngeal branch

3) tonsillar branch of facial artery

for a revision draw the arterial supply of palate and tongue

venous drainage of the tongue?

into lingual vein

• which drain into internal jugular vein

tongue —→ lingual vein —→ internal jugular vein

lymphatic drainage of the tongue

nerve supply of the tongue (motor)

all muscles of tongue are supplied by hypoglossal nerve except palatoglossus which is supplied by cranial part of accessory nerve through pharyngeal plexus

nerve supply of the tongue (sensory)

IMP IMP , how many cranial nerves supply the tongue?

6 cranial nerves

• 5th trigeminal ( for lingual nerve)

• 7th facial (for chorda tympina)

• 9th glossopharyngeal

• 10th vagus (for interal laryngeal n)

• 11th accessory (cranial part )

location of naso pharynx

from base of the skull to upper surface of saft palate (C1)

what are the contents of nasopharynx

1) pharyngeal opening

2) tubal elevation

3) salpingo-pharyngeal flod

4) salpingo-palatine fold

5) pharyngeal tonsil

6 ) pharyngeal reccess (fossa of Rosen muller)

other name of pharyngeal opening

eustachian or pharyngo-tympanic

location of pharyngeal opening

lateral wall of nasopharynx

function of pharyngeal opening

connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear to equalize pressure on both sides of ear drum

location of tubal elevation

above pharyngeal opening

what form the tubal elevation

1) mucosa covering it {from the cartilaginous end of auditory tube)

2) tubal tonsil

what is the location of salpingo-pharyngeal fold

extend from the tubal eleavtion towards the pharynx

what form the salpngo-pharyngeal fold

1) salpingo-pharngeus muscle

2) mucous membrane covering the muscle

location of salpingo-palatine fold

extend from tubal elevation towards the palate

location of pharyngeal tonsil

• posterior wall of nasopharynx near its roof

what happen of the pharyngeal tonsil is enlarged

it will be called ADENOIDS اللحمية

other name for pharyngeal recess

fossa of Rosen Muller

what is the pharyngeal recces

a depression behind the tubal elevation

what is the function of pharyngeal recess

overlies the internal carotid artery

Oropharynx extent

extends from lower surface of soft palate(C1) to upper surface of epiglottis(C3)

Oropharynx communication

Communicates anterior with oral cavity through oropharyngeal isthmus

WHAT closs the oro-pharyngeal isthmus??

palato-glossal muscle

list the contents of the oropharynx

1) palato-glossal arch

2) palato-pharyngeal arch

• palatine tonsil between the two arches

3) vallecula

Palatoglossal arch

formed of palatoglossal muscle covered with mucous membrane

Palatopharyngeal arch

formed of palate-pharyngeus muscle covered with mucous membrane

Palatine tonsil location

Between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches, there is palatine tonsil

Vallecula

it is a depression between median and lateral glosso-epiglottic folds

• glosso-epiglottic folds connect the tongue and epiglottis

Vallecula nerve supply

it is supplied by internal laryngeal nerve

Palatine tonsil definition

two masses of lymphoid tissue in the lateral wall of oropharynx

Palatine tonsil covering

they are covered by mucous membrane

Palatine tonsil medial surface

its medial surface projects into lumen of oropharynx with many openings which lead to tonsillar crypts

what the upper part of medial side contain

the upper part of medial surface has a deep intra-tonsillar cleft (crypta magna)

Palatine tonsil lateral covering

it is covered on lateral side by a capsule

عشان لما نشيل اللوز بس منروح عنر الكبسول و بنقشر اللوز منها

Palatine tonsil relation anterior

Palato-glossal arch

Palatine tonsil relation posterior

Palato-pharyngeal arch

Palatine tonsil relation superior

Soft palate

Palatine tonsil relation inferior

Posterior third of tongue

Palatine tonsil relation medial

Cavity of oropharynx

Palatine tonsil relation lateral

(Tonsillar bed)

Palatine tonsil lateral side (tonsillar bed ) is formed by ?

Superior constrictor muscle

Arterial supply of palatine tonsil

1. Tonsillar artery (from facial artery) — enter from lateral wall by piercing the tonsillar bed (superior constrictor muscle)

2. Ascending palatine artery (from facial artery);

3. Lingual artery (from ECA);

4. Ascending pharyngeal artery (from ECA);

5. Greater palatine artery (from maxillary artery)

Venous drainage of palatine tonsil

Paratonsillar vein

• para = beside

mention two vessels present lateral to palatine tonsil

1) tonsillar artery

2) paratonsilar vein