Understanding the Urinary System and Body Temperature Regulation

These flashcards are designed to help review concepts related to the urinary system, body temperature regulation, and obesity from the lecture.

What does obesity relate to in terms of health risks discussed in the lecture?

Obesity increases health risks, particularly indicating that a large percentage of COVID-19 fatalities were among overweight individuals.

Why is protein consumption essential according to the lecture?

Without adequate protein consumption, the body may start digesting its own organs and muscles.

What physiological role does the hypothalamus play during a fever?

The hypothalamus resets the body temperature during a fever to help combat infections.

What is heat exhaustion and how does it occur?

Heat exhaustion is a condition resulting from the body's inability to cool down effectively, often related to fluid loss.

What differentiates a fever from a microfever?

A fever is a systemic increase in body temperature due to inflammation, whereas a microfever is localized, affecting a specific area.

What is a key anatomical term for the functional units of the kidneys?

The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.

What are the four main steps of kidney function mentioned in the lecture?

The four steps are filtering, reabsorbing, secreting, and excreting.

What does the term 'glomerular filtration rate' refer to?

It refers to the rate at which blood is filtered through the glomeruli of the kidneys, approximately 125 milliliters per minute.

What is the difference between anuria and polyuria?

Anuria is the absence of urine production, while polyuria is the production of excessive urine.

What is the trigone in relation to the urinary bladder?

The trigone is the area of the urinary bladder delineated by the openings of the ureters and the urethra.