Review of The Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution.

Rationalism

The belief that reason and rational thought are more reliable than emotion.

Empiricism

The theory that knowledge is gained from sensory experience and observation.

Deism

The belief in a god who created the universe but does not intervene in its workings.

Atheism

The complete rejection of the existence of God.

Individualism

The principle that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual over collective groups.

Natural Rights

The idea that individuals are born with certain rights that cannot be infringed upon by governments.

Social Contract

The agreement among individuals to form a society and government to protect their natural rights.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation or ethnic group.

Popular Sovereignty

The principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people.

Liberalism

An ideology that advocates for civil rights, representative government, and economic freedom.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization that began in Great Britain in the late 18th century.

Steam Engine

A machine that converts the energy of steam into mechanical energy, essential for the Industrial Revolution.

Bessemer Process

An innovative method for producing steel that was stronger and more versatile than iron.

Telegraph

A device used for long-distance communication that transmitted messages through coded signals.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that emphasizes the role of the state in managing the economy, often used to promote national power.

Free Market Economics

An economic system with minimal government intervention where prices are determined by supply and demand.

Labor Unions

Organizations of workers that aimed to improve conditions, wages, and rights for their members.

Proletariat

The working class, especially those who do not own the means of production.

Bourgeoisie

The class of capitalists who own the means of production.

Tanzimat Reforms

A series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire aimed at modernization and westernization.

Meiji Restoration

A period of rapid modernization and industrialization in Japan during the late 19th century.