Eukaryotic Cells

Label this diagram of an animal cell

1. Cell Membrane

2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

3. Golgi Apparatus

4. Cytoplasm

5. Lysosome

6. Ribosome

7. Centrosome

8. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

9. Mitochondrion

Label this diagram of a plant cell

1. Vacuole

2. Vacuole membrane

3. Chloroplast

4. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

5. Cell membrane

6. Cell wall

7. Cytoplasm

8. Nucleus

9. Nucleolus

10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

11. Ribosomes

12. Golgi apparatus

13. Golgi vesicles

14. Lysosme

15. Mitochondria

What are the two main functions of the nucleus?

• Site of DNA replication and transcription (making mRNA)

• Contains the genetic code for each cell

What are the 5 key structural components of the nucleus?

• Nuclear envelope (inner and outer membrane)

• Nuclear pores

• Nucleoplasm

• Nucleolus (site of RNA production and makes ribosomes)

• Chromatin

What are the two main functions of the endoplasmic reticulum?

• Smooth ER → Synthesis and store of lipids and carbohydrates

• Rough ER → Protein synthesis

What are the 2 key structural components of the endoplasmic reticulum?

• Cisternae (folded membranes)

• Rough have ribosomes on the cisternae

What is the main function of the golgi apparatus?

Modifying and packaging lipids and proteins

What is the main function of vesicles?

Transporting and storing molecules

What is the golgi body made up from?

Folded membrane (cisternae)

What is a vesicle?

A small, membrane bound sac

What is the role of lysosomes?

Break down and recycle cellular waste and unwanted material

What is a lysosome?

Sac of digestive enzymes

What is the function of mitochondria?

Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production

Label this diagram

1. Granules

2. Ribosomes

3. Cristae

4. Intermembrane space

5. Matrix

6. ATP Synthase

7. Inner Membrane

8. Outer Membrane

9. DNA

What is the function of ribosomes?

The site of protein synthesis

What are the two ribosomal subunits made up from?

rRNA and proteins

What are the 2 types of ribosomes and their relative sizes?

• 80s= larger ribosome (found in eukaryotic cells)

• 70s= smaller ribosome (found in prokaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts)

What is the function of the vacuole?

Makes cell turgid, therefore providing support

Describe two structural features of the vacuole

• Filled with fluid

• Surrounded by a single membrane (tonoplast)

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Site of photosynthesis

Label this diagram

1. Thylakoid

2. Stroma lamellae

3. Lumen

4. Inner membrane

5. Outer membrane

6. Granum

7. Stroma

8. Intermembrane space

What is a thylakoid and what is its function?

• Folded membranes embedded with pigment

• Site of light dependent reactions on photosynthesis

What is the stroma?

Fluid containing enzymes required for photosynthesis in light independent reactions

What is the function of the cell wall?

Provides structural strength to the cell

What is the cell wall made from (in plants and fungi)

• Plants= cellulose microfibrils

• Fungi= chitin

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Controls entrance and exit of molecules into and out of the cell

What is the plasma membrane made up from?

Phospholipid bilayer