Chapter 1: Study of Life

Biology 102

What does the study of life reveal?

unifying themes

What does evolution account for?

Unity and diversity of life

The scientific study of life

Biology

Properties of life

Order, regulation, reproduction, growth and development, energy processing, evolutionary adaptation, sensitivity

five unifying themes of biology

organization, energy and matter, evolution, interactions, information

New information emerges as a result of interaction between biological life

Emergent Properties

Hierarchy of Life

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule, atom

Correlated at all levels of biological organization

structure and function

Life's processes involve?

Expression and Transmission of Genetic information

Evolution

The change in genetic composition of a population over time?

Producers

Convert sunlight into chemical energy

consumers

use energy to do work

Important part of the biological ecosystem

interactions

Feedback regulation

a process is regulated by its output

Three main domains

Eukarya, Aarchaea, Bacteria

Natural selection

Mechanism of evolutionary adaptation for populations to their environment

Populations can only evolve if this exists

variation

Allele

variants of a gene

DNA

Genetic information encoded in nucleotide sequences

Negative feedback

accumulation of the end product slows its production

genotype

genetic information

phenotype

physical expression of genes

Cell theory

all living things are made from cells

Prokaryotic cells

Lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic cells

Have a DNA-containing nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Cell

An organisms basic unit of structure and function

Biodiversity

the variety of life and its processes

genes

the unites of inheritance that encode for the information required to synthesize cells