Introduction to Biochemistry & Biomolecules

What is biochemistry?

Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms.

Why is biochemistry important in healthcare and medicine?

It provides insights into how biomolecules support life, how metabolic pathways function, and how disruptions in these processes can lead to diseases.

List the four major classes of biomolecules.

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids.

What is a key function of carbohydrates?

Energy source and structural support.

What type of bond links amino acids in a protein?

Covalent bonds.

Explain why lipids are more efficient for long-term energy storage compared to carbohydrates.

Lipids have a higher energy density and are less hydrated, allowing for more energy to be stored in a smaller volume.

How do hydrogen bonds contribute to the unique properties of water?

Hydrogen bonds create cohesion and adhesion, contributing to water's high boiling point, high surface tension, and ability to dissolve many substances.

What potential cellular effects could occur if nucleic acids were damaged?

Damage to nucleic acids could disrupt genetic information storage and transmission, impacting protein synthesis and cell function.

If a cell is deprived of carbohydrates, which biomolecule could be used for energy?

Lipids could be used for energy, and metabolic pathways would need to adjust to mobilize stored triglycerides.

Why can the molecular formula C6H12O6 represent different monosaccharides?

C6H12O6 can represent different monosaccharides due to structural isomerism, where differently arranged atoms create distinct sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose.

How do carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids work together to maintain homeostasis in a living organism?

These biomolecules provide energy, structural support, and facilitate processes essential for regulating internal conditions, growth, and repair.