Y11 Chemistry Test 1

What is an atom?

The smallest particle of an element that can exist on its own in a stable environment.

What is the relative mass of a proton?

1

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

1

What is the relative mass of an electron?

1/1840

What is the relative charge of a proton?

1

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

0

What is the relative charge of an electron?

-1

Where are the electrons found?

In the shells.

Where are the protons and neutrons found?

In the nucleus.

What is the atomic number?

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

What is the mass number?

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Why are atoms electrically neutral?

They have the same number of positive protons as negative electrons.

How many electrons can be held in the first shell?

2

How many electrons can be held in the second shell?

8

How many electrons can be held in the third shell?

8

What is meant by the term isotopes?

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

In terms of particles, how are isotopes the same?

They have the same number of protons and electrons.

In terms of particles, how are isotopes different?

They have a different number of neutrons.

Why do isotopes react the same way?

They have the same number of electrons in the outer shell.

What is the relative atomic mass?

A weighted mean of the mass numbers.

What is the size of the radius of an atom?

0.1 nm.

To convert the radius of an atom to the radius of a nucleus you must?

Divide by 10,000.

What is an ion?

A charged particle formed when an atom loses or gains electrons.

A negative ion is called?

Anion.

A positive ion is called?

Cation.

An atom that loses electrons will get a _____ charge.

Positive.

An atom that gains electrons will get a _____ charge.

Negative.

If 1 electron is gained by an atom, the charge is?

1-.

If 2 electrons are gained, the charge is ?

2-.

If 3 electrons are gained by an atom, the charge is?

3-.

If 1 electron is lost, the charge is?

1+.

If 2 electrons are lost, the charge is?

2+.

What is the EC of an atom of sodium?

2,8,1.

What is the EC of an atom of aluminum?

2,8,3.

What is the EC of an atom of oxygen?

2,6.

What is the EC of an atom of lithium?

2,1.

What is the EC of an atom of phosphorus?

2,8,5.

What is the EC of an atom of neon?

2,8.

What is the EC of an atom of potassium?

2,8,8,1.

What is the EC of a potassium ion?

2, 8, 8.

What is the EC of a lithium ion?

What is the EC of an oxide ion?

2, 8.

If 3 electrons are lost, the charge is?

3+.

Atoms bond to get a?

Full outer shell.

What group of elements have a full outer shell?

The Noble Gases.

What scientist is responsible for developing the modern Periodic Table?

Mendeleev.

Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of?

Atomic mass.

The modern Periodic Table is arranged in order of?

Atomic number.

Mendeleev arranged the elements in rows called?

Periods.

Mendeleev arranged the elements in columns called?

Groups.

What are elements that display metallic and non-metallic properties called?

Semi-metals.

What group of unreactive non-metals have been discovered since Mendeleev's version?

Noble Gases.

Group 1 is known as?

The alkali metals.

Group 2 is known as?

The alkaline-earth metals.

The metals between group 2 and 3 are known as?

The transition metals.

Group 7 is known as?

The halogens.

Group 0 is known as?

The Noble Gases.

What is a pure substance?

A single element or compound not mixed with any other substance.

What is meant by the term melting point?

The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.

What is meant by the term boiling point?

The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas.

What type of substance has a sharp, specific melting and boiling point?

Pure substances.

What type of substance melts or boils over a range of temperatures?

Mixtures.

What effect does an impurity have on the boiling point of a substance?

Increases it.

What effect does an impurity have on the melting point of a substance?

Decreases it.

What is occurring at part 2 on the graph?

Melting.

What is occurring at part 4 on the graph?

Boiling.

What state is the substance in at part 3 of the graph?

Liquid.

What is a formulation?

A mixture of several different substances in carefully measured quantities to ensure the product has the required properties.

What are 3 examples of formulations?

Alloys, medicine, fertilisers.

What is a mixture?

Two or more substances mixed together.

What is a solute?

The substance that dissolves in a solvent.

What is a solvent?

The liquid in which a solute dissolves.

What is a solution?

A solute dissolved in a solvent.

What is a soluble substance?

One which will dissolve in water.

What is an insoluble substance?

One which does not dissolve in water.

What is the filtrate?

The liquid that passes through the filter paper during filtration.

What is the residue?

The solid that remains on the filter paper.

What does filtration separate?

An insoluble solid from a liquid.

What is meant by the term evaporation?

The change of state from a liquid to a gas when heated.

When forming crystals, should all the water be evaporated?

No.

What is a saturated solution?

One in which no more solid can dissolve at that temperature.

When a saturated solution is cooled, why do crystals form?

As the solubility has decreased, some solid crystallises out of solution.

What does crystallisation/evaporation separate?

A dissolved solute from a solution.

What is meant by the term condensation?

The change of state from a gas to a liquid when cooled.

What does simple distillation separate?

A solvent from a solution.

Why are anti-bumping granules added to the flask?

To promote smooth boiling.

What is the name of liquid that is cooled from the vapour and collected during distillation?

Distillate.

What part of simple distillation condenses the vapour?

The Liebig condenser.

What does fractional distillation separate?

Miscible liquids with different boiling points.

What does miscible mean?

Liquids that mix together and form one layer.

What does immiscible mean?

Liquids that do not mix together and form two layers.

What is the purpose of the fractionating column?

Provides better separation of liquids.

In chromatography, what is the name of the pencil line when spots are added?

The base line.

In chromatography, what describes how far the solvent has travelled?

The solvent front.

How many spots are found in a chromatogram of a pure substance?

One.

In chromatography, a spot that travels further up the page is…

More soluble in the solvent and has weaker attraction to the paper.

In chromatography, a spot that doesn't travel far up the page is…

Less soluble in the solvent and has stronger attraction to the paper.

The stationary phase is?

The paper.

The mobile phase is?

The solvent.

The Rf value is

The distance moved by the spot/distance moved by the solvent.