Chapter 25: War and Revolution

Military defeat

________ brought turmoil and revolution to Austria- Hungary and Germany, as it had to Russia.

Lenin

________ demanded a small, disciplined, elitist party dedicated to Communist revolution, while his opponents wanted a more democratic, reformist party with mass membership.

Germany

The Treaty of Versailles, signed by the Allies and ________, was key to the settlement.

William II

In 1905 ________ declared that Morocco- where France had colonial interests- was an independent, sovereign state and demanded that Germany receive the same trading rights as France.

French army

A(n) ________ stationed in Lebanon attacked Syria, taking Damascus in July 1920.

peace treaty

The ________ and the abolition of the Constituent Assembly inspired armed opposition to the Bolshevik regime.

proper gender

The war expanded the range of womens activities and helped change attitudes about ________ roles, but the long- term results were mixed.

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

On June 28, 1914, ________, heir to the Austro- Hungarian throne, was assassinated by Serbian revolutionaries during a state visit to the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo.

World War

The First ________ began, in part, because European statesmen failed to resolve the diplomatic problems created by Germanys rise to Great Power status.

Princips deed

________, in the crisis- ridden border between the weakened Ottoman and Austro- Hungarian Empires, led Europe into world war.

Palestine

In 1914 Jews accounted for about 11 percent of the population in the three Ottoman districts that the British would lump together to form ________; the rest of the population was predominantly Arab.

labor

The need for workers meant greater power and prestige for ________ unions.

Balkans

The ________, with the exception of Greece, were occupied by the Central Powers.

Unions

________ cooperated with war governments on workplace rules, wages, and production schedules in return for real participation in important decisions.

Clemenceau

________ gave up the French demand for a Rhineland buffer state in return for French military occupation of the region for fifteen years and a formal defensive alliance with the United States and Great Britain.

chief minister of Austria Hungary

In October 1916 a young socialist assassinated the ________.

British

In 1915, at the Battle of Gallipoli, ________ forces tried and failed to take the Dardanelles and Constantinople from the Ottoman Turks.

Total war

________ meant new roles for soldiers and civilians alike.

Russia

In 1907 ________, battered by its disastrous war with Japan and the revolution of 1905, agreed to settle its quarrels with Great Britain in Persia and Central Asia and signed the Anglo- Russian Agreement.

night of November

On the ________ 6, militants from Trotskys committee joined with trusted Bolshevik soldiers to seize government buildings in Petrograd and arrest members of the provisional government.

Balfour Declaration of November

The ________ 1917, written by British foreign secretary Arthur Balfour had announced that Britain favored a "National Home for the Jewish People "in Palestine, but without discriminating against the civil and religious rights of the non- Jewish communities already living in the region.

Balkan War

In the First ________ (1912), Serbia joined Greece and Bulgaria to attack the Ottoman Empire and then quarreled with Bulgaria over the spoils of victory.

Second Balkan War

In the ________ (1913), Bulgaria attacked its former allies.

Independent Serbia

________ was eager to build a state that would include all ethnic Serbs and was thus openly hostile to AustriaHungary and the Ottoman Empire, since both states included substantial Serbian minorities within their borders.

Germany

________ was especially famous for its powerful and aggressive army, but military institutions played a prominent role in affairs of state and in the lives of ordinary people across Europe.

Lenin

________ and the Bolsheviks set up a fearsome secret police known as the Cheka, dedicated to suppressing counter- revolutionaries.

Lenin

Born into the middle class, ________ became an enemy of imperial Russia when his older brother was executed for plotting to kill the tsar in 1887.

Lenin

________ had the genius to profit from developments over which the Bolsheviks had little control.

Lenin

________ called his camp the Bolsheviks, or "majority group; "his opponents were Mensheviks, or "minority group ..