anxiety, OCD, PTSD, dissociative disorders,

Front: What defines anxiety disorders?

Back: Frequent, intense, and irrational anxiety that interferes with daily life.

Front: What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

Back: Persistent anxiety and excessive worry about life circumstances.

Front: What is social anxiety disorder?

Back: An irrational fear occurring in specific social or performance situations.

Front: What is panic disorder?

Back: Recurrent attacks of intense fear and feelings of doom or terror not justified by the situation.

Front: What is agoraphobia?

Back: Fear of being in places or situations where escape might be difficult.

Front: What factors contribute to the aetiology of anxiety disorders?

Back: Both heredity and environment, along with adult and childhood stressors, contribute to the development of anxiety disorders.

Front: How do behaviourist theories explain anxiety disorders?

Back: Classical conditioning creates fear, and negative reinforcement of avoidance behaviour maintains anxiety.

Front: How do cognitive theories explain anxiety disorders?

Back: Negative biases in thinking, such as heightened attention to threatening stimuli, contribute to anxiety.

Front: What is the cognitive–behavioural model of anxiety disorders?

Back: Fear becomes classically conditioned to autonomic responses; combined with fearful thoughts, this perpetuates anxiety and can trigger panic episodes.

Front: What is obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Back: OCD is marked by recurrent obsessions (persistent thoughts or ideas) and compulsions (stereotyped acts performed in response to the obsessions).

Front: What is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Back: PTSD is marked by flashbacks and recurrent thoughts of a psychologically distressing event that is outside the range of usual human experience.

Front: What are dissociative disorders?

Back: Disorders characterised by disruptions in consciousness, memory, sense of identity, or perception, often reflecting a history of severe trauma.

Front: What is dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

Back: A dissociative disorder in which at least two distinct personalities exist within one person.

Front: What is somatic symptom disorder?

Back: A condition in which people experience pain, suffering, or illness that disrupts daily life, without sufficient medical explanation.

Front: What are the two common forms of somatic symptom disorder?

• Conversion disorder: Loss or significant change in physical function without a medical cause.

• Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis): Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness despite little or no medical evidence.