Genetics and Factors Influencing Weight Management

Genetics

Influences eating behaviors and body composition.

Obesity Risk

30-70% chance with one obese parent.

Single Gene Mutation

Only 1-5% of obesity cases linked.

Energy Metabolism Genes

Interact with environmental factors affecting obesity.

Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL)

Enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides for absorption.

Leptin

Hormone decreasing appetite, increasing energy expenditure.

Leptin Resistance

Brain fails to respond to leptin signals.

Ghrelin

Hormone stimulating appetite, released when stomach is empty.

Set-Point Theory

Body maintains a certain weight through internal controls.

Dysbiosis

Unhealthy balance of gut microbiome affecting metabolism.

Obesogenic Environment

External factors promoting overeating and inactivity.

Inappropriate Treatments for Obesity

Include ineffective OTC products and gimmicks.

Sibutramine

Appetite suppressant, linked to heart disease risk.

Phentermine

Suppresses appetite, may increase blood pressure.

Orlistat

Inhibits fat absorption, causes gastrointestinal side effects.

BMI for Surgery

Candidates have BMI over 40 or 35 with conditions.

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

60-80% excess weight loss, hormonal benefits.

Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy

Restricts stomach size, rapid weight loss.

Adjustable Gastric Band

Reversible, adjustable, lowest deficiency risk.

Biliopancreatic Diversion

Greatest weight loss, reduces fat absorption.

Weight Loss Goal

Aim for 5-10% weight reduction over 6 months.

Successful Weight Loss Strategy

Small changes, nutrient-dense foods, regular activity.

Healthful Eating Plan

Focus on portion control and nutrient density.

Disordered Eating

Harmful eating behaviors not meeting disorder criteria.

Eating Disorders

Include anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorders.

Pica

Craving nonfood items like clay or dirt.

Orthorexia

Obsessive focus on eating 'right' foods.

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Common in children, leads to nutritional deficits.

Night Eating Syndrome

Majority of calories consumed post-evening meal.

Muscle Dysmorphia

Obsessive focus on increasing muscle mass.

Anabolic Steroids

Synthetic hormones to enhance muscle growth.

Russell's Sign

Scar tissue from self-induced vomiting.