science technology society lesson #1

Science

knowledge and understanding about the natural and physical world

Science as an idea

explains how things work in nature and the world

Science as intellectual activity

studying the world using experiments and observation

Science as body of knowledge

collection of facts and discoveries like biology and physics

Science as personal and social activity

science used in daily life to solve problems

Scientific Revolution

period when science changed how people understood the world

Period of Enlightenment

time when reason and evidence replaced superstition

Modern science

science based on experiments, reason, and evidence

Nicolaus Copernicus

scientist who said Earth orbits the Sun

Isaac Newton

scientist who explained gravity and laws of motion

On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

book that started modern astronomy

Copernican Revolution

shift from Earth-centered to Sun-centered universe

Heliocentric model

Sun is the center of the solar system

Geocentric model

Earth is the center of the universe

Ptolemaic model

geocentric model made by Claudius Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy

Greek astronomer who proposed geocentric model

Commentariolus

Copernicus’ early outline of heliocentric model

Darwinian Revolution

change in thinking about life and evolution

Charles Darwin

scientist who explained evolution

On the Origin of Species

book about evolution by Darwin

Evolution

gradual change of living things over time

Natural selection

survival of the best-adapted organisms

Natural selection example

camouflaged beetles survive more than visible ones

Survival of the fittest

organisms best suited to environment survive

Freudian Revolution

psychology became a science

Sigmund Freud

founder of psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis

study of unconscious mind and behavior

Conscious mind

thoughts we are aware of

Unconscious mind

hidden thoughts and desires

ID

basic desires

EGO

rational thinking

SUPEREGO

moral values

Maya Civilization

advanced society known for farming and rubber

Inca Civilization

known for strong roads and earthquake-proof buildings

Aztec Civilization

known for education, chinampas, and chocolate currency

Chinampas

floating gardens used by Aztecs

Asian Civilization

known for iron making and traditional medicine

Indian Civilization

known for iron production

Chinese Civilization

known for traditional medicine

Age of Information

era of modern technology

Computer Age

time when computers changed daily life