PATHOSTUDY 3

preload

stretch. V of blood in ventricles at end of diastole

afterload

squeeze. resistance left ventricle must overcome to circultate blood.

cardiac output

measure/amount of blood rejected by ventricles in 1 min.

SA node

sinoatrial. pace maker of heart. small bundlel of cells that start impulse 60-100 bpm.

AV node

atrioventricular . receives impulse from sa node and slows it down (pause) b4 sending it along.

stenosis

heart valves cannot allow blood to flow forward

infarction

tissue damage or death due to lack of O2 in blood (ischemia)

stable ingina

chest pain worse w activity, relieved w rest. inadequate O2 to heart during activity. stable plaque in coronary arteries.

unstable ingina

chest pain w activity and rest. emergency bc can evolve into heart attack . plaque ruptures and partially blocks coronary ateries.

dilated cardiomyopathy

disease in heart muscle. thinned weakedned wall that can squeeze blood out

cardiac hypertrophy

heart muscle disease. thickened stiff walls that prevent heart from filling w blood.

normal sinus rhythm

normal/reg beating/ heart rate 60-100

sinus tachycardia

normal sinus rhythm but fast heart rate. above 100 bpm. can be norm during excercise.

sinus bradycardia

normal sinus rhythm but slow heart rate. below 60, can be norm during sleep.

left ventricle walls thicker bc

pumos blood to entire body thru aorta, requires more force and pressure(right only lung)

systole

ventricles are contracting. forcing blood out

diastole

ventricles relaxed and filling w blood, comes from aorta

inhilation

contraction of intercostal muscles and diaphragm inc volume of thoracic cavity, which dec pressure inside and causes air to rush into lungs.

sputum

mucoid discharge. specific characteristics deoending on cause.

hemoptysis

frothy blood tinged pulmonary edema

eupnea

12-20 reg RR and rhythm

apnea

0 deep respiration sleep. absence

dyspnea

discomfort/difficultybreathing

productive coughs

bunch of mucus in lungs due to secretion in lungs.

nonproductive cough

no mucus, tockling in chest or throat. bad during night, dif sleeping

cyanosis

bluish coloring of skin due to unoxygenated hemoglobin in blood.

clubbing

painless firm enlargment of soft tissue of digits nail beds due to chronic hypoxia

hypoxemia

low O2 levels in blood