Reading Quiz - Open Stax 15.1-15.3 Transcription

Match the following definitions with their correct term relating to transcription

CAAT box

central dogma

codon

colinear

consensus

downstream

FACT

GC-rich box

hairpin

holoenzyme

Kozak’s rules

rho-independent

splicing

start codon

TATA box

(GGCCAATCT) essential eukaryotic promoter sequence involved in binding transcription factors

states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of proteins

three consecutive nucleotides in mRNA that specify the insertion of an amino acid or the release of a polypeptide chain during translation

in terms of RNA and protein, three "units" of RNA (nucleotides) specify one "unit" of protein (amino acid) in a consecutive fashion

DNA sequence that is used by many species to perform the same or similar functions

nucleotides following the initiation site in the direction of mRNA transcription; in general, sequences that are toward the 3' end relative to a site on the mRNA

complex that "facilitates chromatin transcription" by disassembling nucleosomes ahead of a transcribing RNA polymerase Il and reassembling them after the polymerase passes

(GGCG) nonessential eukaryotic promoter sequence that binds cellular factors to increase the efficiency of transcription; may be present several times in a promoter

structure of RNA when it folds back on itself and forms intramolecular hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides

prokaryotic RNA polymerase consisting of a, a, B, B', and o; this complex is responsible for transcription initiation

determines the correct initiation AUG in a eukaryotic mRNA; the following consensus sequence must appear around the AUG: 5'-GCC(purine)CCAUGG-3'; the bolded bases are...

termination sequence-dependent termination of prokaryotic mRNA synthesis; caused by hairpin formation in the mRNA that stalls the polymerase

process of removing introns and reconnecting exons in a pre-mRNA

AUG (or rarely, GUG) on an mRNA from which translation begins; always specifies methionine

conserved promoter sequence in eukaryotes and prokaryotes that helps to establish the initiation site for transcription

The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this?

 

complementarity

 

nonsense codons

 

nonsense codons

 

degeneracy

degeneracy

How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons?

 

12

 

24

 

36

 

48

36

Which event contradicts the central dogma of molecular biology?

 

Poly-A polymerase enzymes process mRNA in the nucleus.

 

Endonuclease enzymes splice out and repair damaged DNA.

 

Scientists use reverse transcriptase enzymes to make DNA from RNA.

 

Codons specifying amino acids are degenerate and universal.

Scientists use reverse transcriptase enzymes to make DNA from RNA.

Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers specificity to transcription?

 

α

 

β

 

β'

 

σ

σ

The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters are called consensus sequences because ________.

 

they are identical in all bacterial species

 

they are similar in all bacterial species

 

they exist in all organisms

 

they have the same function in all organisms

 

they are similar in all bacterial species

Which feature of promoters can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

 

GC box

 

TATA box

 

octamer box

 

-10 and -35 sequences

 

TATA box

What transcripts will be most affected by low levels of α-amanitin?

 

18S and 28S rRNAs

 

pre-mRNAs

 

5S rRNAs and tRNAs

 

other small nuclear RNAs

 

pre-mRNAs