World War II, Cold War, and Decolonization Test

Antisemitism

Racialized the discrimination against Jews

Beer Hall Putsch

Failed coup by Hitler (attempted to take over)

Reichstag Fire

Fire in the Reichstag building, allowing Hitler to blame communists for the fire, hence gaining traction for his beliefs and ideology

Enabling Act

Suspend all rights, hence allowing Hitler to create concentration camps

Night of the Long Knives

Hitler had the Nazi Party purged of all opposition

October Revolution

the coup d'etat by the Bolsheviks under Lenin at the Winter Palace where the provisional government resided

Russian Civil War

Red defeat Whites, forming the USSR and shifting toward the NEP

New Economic Policy (NEP)

Lenin's policy to improve the Russian Economy by nationalizing industries (mostly communist but some capitalist ideas)

Stalin's Five Year Plan

Emphasized rapid industrialization and modernization, focusing on building up military, collectivization, and "Communism in one country"

Kulaks

Wealthy peasants

Dekulakization

peasants were sent to Gulags

Holdomor

Stalin's Man-made famine on Ukraine meant to suppress Ukrainian nationalism and

The Purges

Stalin targeted anti-revolutionary sentiment, encouraging people to report each other

Authoritarian

Utilizes institutions to maintain order where a government with one leader/group of people hold absolute power

Totalitarian

A form of government that bans all institutions except those it creates and controls

Manchurian Incident

Japan blew up their own railway, blaming China and using it as an excuse to invade Manchuria

Massacre of Nanjing

Japanese torture, sexual assault, and murder of Chinese people, attempting to break their spirits

Nuremberg Laws

Redefine German citizenship, because one cannot have any Jewish ancestors, illustrating the racialization of Jews.

Anschluss

German annexation of Austria

Munich Agreement

Agreement between Chamberlain and Hitler that Germany would not conquer any more land once given Sudetenland, and if it did, would declare war

Appeasement

World leaders fear another world war and technological advancement so they accept demands to avoid conflict.

Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact

A secret agreement between the Germans and the USSR divided Poland while giving the USSR Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

Blitzkrieg

Lightning War—a form of warfare in which massive attacks with infantry forces follow surprise attacks with fast-moving airplanes.

Phony War

Britain and France are upset with Germany for continuing the invasion of Czechoslovakia, so they declare war. (p.s. they don't accomplish anything in the war)

Maginot line

French fortifications along the German border (do not fortify the Ardennes forest or the Belgian border, and the guns cannot rotate into France)

Battle of Britain (Blitz)

A series of air invasions in which the Nazis, particularly London targeted major cities

Operation Barbarossa

The Nazis attempted to invade the Soviet Union but failed (turning point in world war ii)

Battle of Midway

turning point in the Pacific Theater -- US adopts the tactic of island hopping, destroy Japanese ships and weaponry

Battle of Stalingrad

Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union.

D-Day

allied invasion of occupied france -- largest amphibious landing -- began the liberation of occupied France

Firebombing of Dresden

90% of the city burned— US later used similar tactics to bomb Tokyo

Kristallnacht

destruction of Jewish businesses, homes, and places of worship— state-sponsored attack

Einsatzgruppen Massacre

German mobile killing units

Wannsee conference

Nazi leaders come up with the "final solution" for concentration camps throughout Europe

The Truman doctrine and the Marshall plan

Created to prevent other countries from becoming communist states

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries

Warsaw pact

Created by the Eastern Bloc and Eastern Germany in response to NATO (counter NATO)

Berlin Wall

It prevented movement between East (Soviet) and West (US) Berlin

Chinese Civil War

War between communist Mao Zedong and Nationalist Chiang Kai-Shek— Mao Zedong won

Maoism

A new form of Communism that addressed peasants, industrialization, and self-sufficiency, and eliminated professional revolutionaries

Great Leap Forward

Mao's failed attempt to establish self-sufficiency by emphasizing rapid industrialization over the agricultural needs of the country

Great Famine

The culmination of Mao's failed Great Leap Foward

Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution

Led by the Red Guards (15-18) that attacked the Four Olds (customs, habits, culture, and thinking)

Deng Xiaoping

Communist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong and instated the One Child Policy

Tiananmen Square Massacre

Chinese Government Troops opened fire on student protesters

Radcliffe Line

It divided the colony of india into two states -- india (hindu but technically secular) and east and west pakistan (muslim)

Punjab

The area most heavily affected by partition violence

British Colonization of Kenya

The exportation of tea and coffee; settler colonialism; segregation

Partition of India

Required the relocation of millions of people in South Asia after India got its independence from Britian because the Radcliffe Line was created

White highlands

some of the most fertile ground in kenya, stolen from native populations and given to white settlers -- often was unused

Mau Mau rebellion

The goal was to reclaim land -- mostly attacked "African Collaborators" (Kenyans who worked with the British government)

Perestroika

A policy that involved restructuring the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market-based economy and society

Glasnost

A policy that called for more openness with the nations of the West, and a relaxing of restraints on Soviet citizenry